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  • IevaMarija/loes.bogers
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...@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ Also Fiore's tutorial has been very helpful here: ...@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ Also Fiore's tutorial has been very helpful here:
\* *I notice I'm becoming one of those people who writes documentation but doesn't explain the steps that already feel "normal" to me. Hmmm. I'll have a think to think what I think about that.* \* *I notice I'm becoming one of those people who writes documentation but doesn't explain the steps that already feel "normal" to me. Hmmm. I'll have a think to think what I think about that.*
## OR: push via http and access tokens
Later on I started using my Github Desktop app for a bunch of other stuff and my connection stopped working. I couldn't figure it out so I deleted the repository and cloned it anew over http. This [tutorial](https://itnext.io/how-to-use-github-desktop-with-gitlab-cd4d2de3d104) by Shedrack Akintayo explains how to use access tokens push without having to re-enter your password when pushing over http. Amazeballs, thank you Shedrack!
## Customizing text, fonts, colors in the mkdoc ## Customizing text, fonts, colors in the mkdoc
I customized some basic stuff to change the look of the page. I love the font Karla, we use it for everything where I work, so I'm using it here too. I think you can basically look up any Google Font and use it. I liked the idea of having a special font for code, so I specified one for that as well. I customized some basic stuff to change the look of the page. I love the font Karla, we use it for everything where I work, so I'm using it here too. I think you can basically look up any Google Font and use it. I liked the idea of having a special font for code, so I specified one for that as well.
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...@@ -96,9 +96,7 @@ Pretty nice beginner tutorial this one [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX ...@@ -96,9 +96,7 @@ Pretty nice beginner tutorial this one [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX
[This tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_bZJjkkkG8&list=PLXJnjBsCdBxHFOV1te8BiZnfz9LF7mpHT&index=3&t=0s) was great for creating tile-like patterns like the one I made below. I was not successfull in creating a printable design yet! I have to study the parameters a little better to understand how I can avoid making crazy intersecting lines and end up with curves that an be offset and extruded. But good start and lots of playing around. [This tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_bZJjkkkG8&list=PLXJnjBsCdBxHFOV1te8BiZnfz9LF7mpHT&index=3&t=0s) was great for creating tile-like patterns like the one I made below. I was not successfull in creating a printable design yet! I have to study the parameters a little better to understand how I can avoid making crazy intersecting lines and end up with curves that an be offset and extruded. But good start and lots of playing around.
![](../images/wk08_prusasaysno.jpg)*Looking really cool! But Prusa slicer says no. Loes Bogers, 2019* ![](../images/wk08_prusasaysno.jpg)*Some other examples I made. Looking really cool, but Prusa slicer says no. Loes Bogers, 2019*
SCREENSHOTS HERE
**Truchet tiles** **Truchet tiles**
...@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ SCREENSHOTS HERE ...@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ SCREENSHOTS HERE
![](../images/wk08_truchettiles2.jpg)*Producing a pattern that can be created for each cell, Loes Bogers, 2019* ![](../images/wk08_truchettiles2.jpg)*Producing a pattern that can be created for each cell, Loes Bogers, 2019*
#GIF HERE ![](../images/wk08_dispatch.gif)*Switching between modes, Loes Bogers, 2020*
![](../images/wk08_truchettiles5.jpg)*Exploding cells and using the segments to define parameters for curves, Loes Bogers, 2019* ![](../images/wk08_truchettiles5.jpg)*Exploding cells and using the segments to define parameters for curves, Loes Bogers, 2019*
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...@@ -548,10 +548,4 @@ Look at the datasheet, assuming a 9V battery. To know resistance and amps etc. ...@@ -548,10 +548,4 @@ Look at the datasheet, assuming a 9V battery. To know resistance and amps etc.
* The Culture series by Afroditi Psarra and Dafni Papadopoulou * The Culture series by Afroditi Psarra and Dafni Papadopoulou
**Flip dots**
**Vibration motors**
...@@ -179,6 +179,10 @@ I used Rhino to design the mold for the inflatable. It consists of designing a t ...@@ -179,6 +179,10 @@ I used Rhino to design the mold for the inflatable. It consists of designing a t
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pbkiEAYWoJI?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pbkiEAYWoJI?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
![](../images/wk12_cutfiles.jpg)*Elements to cut, Loes Bogers, 2019*
[Download the cutfile for the mold (.dxf)](../files/wk12_cutfile_mold.dxf)
**Parts list** **Parts list**
The mold consists of two parts that are glued together with a little bit of silicon after: The mold consists of two parts that are glued together with a little bit of silicon after:
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...@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Glycerine was discovered by accident in 1779 by K.W.Scheele. The Swedish chemist ...@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Glycerine was discovered by accident in 1779 by K.W.Scheele. The Swedish chemist
##Concerns ##Concerns
**Describe how this ingredient has been or might be contested. What are the issues and concerns? Which arguments are put forward?** **Describe how this ingredient has been or might be contested. What are the concerns and dilemmas? Which arguments are put forward?**
*may be cultural, health-wise, ecological, social, cultural, political, economical arguments* *may be cultural, health-wise, ecological, social, cultural, political, economical arguments*
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*Note: the ingredients section is still under development, this is an example of what the entries here will look like.*
# GLYCERINE
(glycerin, glycerol)
**What is it and how is it produced or sourced?**
Glycerin is a sugar alcohol derived from animal products, plants or petroleum (as a by-product of biofuel). It can also be obtained from microalgae oils, and it can be recovered from used cooking oil. Not all of these are equally common however.
Vegetable glycerin is made by heating triglyceride-rich vegetable fats — such as palm, soy and coconut oils — under pressure, using heat, and/or together with a strong alkali, such as lye, which causes the glycerin to split away from the fatty acids and mix together with water, forming an odorless, sweet-tasting, syrup-like liquid. During WWI and WWII, glycerine was produced by fermentation as well, but there routes have not been under-utilized by industry because it could not compete with chemical synthesis from petrochemical compounds.
With necessary precaution you can make glycerine yourself.
**What are its possible functions in biofabricating?**
*e.g. plasticizer, filler, colorant, PH modifier, mordant, solvent, release agent, curing agent, softener, and so on*
Vegetable glycerin softens and hydrates human skin, increasing smoothness and suppleness. It is often used in skincare and also works as a laxative. It has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. It has many possible functions (as many as 1583 uses have been listed by the Glycerine Producers Association in 1945), but here are a few that are particularly useful in biofabication:
- plasticizer for more flexible bioplastics
- moisturizer or softener in fish leather tanning (e.g. fish leather)
- additive for soap bubble mixes
- solvent for pigment extraction (not documented here)
**Processing information**
Dissolves in: cold and hot water, and alcohol
PH value: 5
**Selecting the right type**
*How do you know if you are getting the right type (in nature/at the shop)? Or can you use any? For example, carbonate and bicarbonate soda are significantly different, but you may find it is referred to as "soda"*
Look for glycerin(e) or glycerol. In the U.S., glycerin(e) is a brand name for a purified variety of 95%, with glycerol being the principal component. In Europe, glycerol is more widely applied interchangeably. Smaller bottles are often more expensive. You might need to contact the supplier about the origins of the product if you want to know before. Choose a plant-based glycerine, it should state on the label what it is made of.
## Local abundance
**Where are you located?**
Rotterdam, the Netherlands
**Can this ingredient be found in nature there?**
No, it is a processed ingredient. But it can be produced almost anywhere. Try to find a vegetable-based glycerine that is produced regionally or locally.
**If not, please describe or list local suppliers and price**
In the Netherlands, Orphi is an affordable vegetable-based glycerin brand. This ingredient is best purchased online, in 1 litre bottles.
and costs about 6 Euros per 1000 ml (1L).
**If store-bought, find out where the ingredient was produced. How far is the production source from where you are?**
In Portugal: less than 2000 km from site of use
##Eco-compatibility
*Type and amount of energy used to produce this ingredient, e.g. does it require a lot of water, heat, chemicals?*
The production of glycerine requires heat and pressure, and sometimes strong alkali, like lye. It it also a product of fermentation processes but this is less efficient and cannot yet compete with synthetic methods.
**Toxicity**
*Is this ingredient toxic to humans/animals?*
No. But some people have an allergic skin reaction to vegetable glycerine.
**Distance from origin to site of use**
*In which region(s) of the world is this produced? Is it related to specific natural contexts or industries (e.g. near sea or rivers, in hot humid climates).*
Depends on the way it is produced, but there are many methods. Needs further research.
**Shelf life**
*Look up shelf life & expiry date, but also use of senses to check: can you see when it’s off, can you smell it?*
Shelf life: years if unopened, check smell
**Vegan**
*Is it made without the use of any animal products?*
Yes/No, depends on the method of production
**Is this a by-product is it found in a waste stream?**
*Is this ingredient a by-product or does it come from waste streams*
Yes, it *can* be a by-product of biofuel production and/or soap production, but this is not always the case.
**Renewable**
*Can this resource be naturally replenished on a human timescale?*
Yes
*What do you know about how long it takes for this ingredient regrow?Which plants/micro organisms grow this ingredient? How long does it take them to regenerate? Under which conditions?*
- Glycerine from soy: byproduct of soybean biodiesel industry
- Glycerine from palm oil: kernels of palm fruits are harvested all year round. But is also connected to deforestation issues.
- Glycerine may be a byproduct from soap manufacturing
Needs more research
## Cultural & historical information
*Historically, what were the uses of this ingredient? In which contexts were these uses discovered? When? By whom? How did it travel to other places?*
Glycerine is closely linked to the life processes themselves, and is a component of all living cells. It occurs naturally in wine, beer, bread and other fermentation products of sugar and grains. It is found in nature as triglycerides (a combination of glycerine and fatty acids that make up almost any vegetable and animal fat or oil).
Glycerine was discovered by accident in 1779 by K.W.Scheele. The Swedish chemist was heating olive oil and a lead monoxide, and he published his findings in 1783 in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sweden. His method which he called "the sweet principle of fat" was renamed into glycerine (from the Greek γλυκύς or glukus which means sweet) by M.E. Chevreul, who patented a new production method in 1823. Glycerine was of no economic significance until Alfred Nobel found the first worldwide technical application for it: for his invention of dynamite in 1866. It is said to have fueled industrial development of chemicals.
##Concerns
**Describe how this ingredient has been or might be contested. What are the concerns and dilemmas? Which arguments are put forward?**
*may be cultural, health-wise, ecological, social, cultural, political, economical arguments*
The purity of glycerine is essential for some applications (e.g. in chemistry, cosmetics, and food grade glycerine). With the increase in biofuel production, the production of glycerine grew as well. Purifying glycerine however is a particularly energy intentive part of the production process. Perhaps further research could be done on the required purity of glycerine for use in bioplastics.
##References
*Please provide information to the references used*
- **Environmental factsheet: Glycerol**, by the European Commission, n.d. [link](https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/jrcsh/files/BISO-EnvSust-Bioproducts-Glycerol_140930.pdf)
- **Glycerol production by microbial fermentation: a review** by Zhengxiang Wang, Jian Zhuge, Huiying-Fang, Bernard A Prior, in Biotechnology Advances, Vol.19, Issue 3, June 2001, pp. 201-223: [link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073497500100060X)
- **Glycerine: An Overview** by the Soap and Detergent Association, Glycerine & Oleochemical Division New York, 1990: [link](http://bit.ly/Zsg3u9)
- **Nothing Takes The Place of Glycerine** by the Glycerine Producers Association, New York, 1949: [link](https://www.aciscience.org/docs/Nothing%20takes%20the%20place%20of%20glycerine.pdf)
- **What is vegetable glycerin? Uses, benefits and side effects** Alina Petre for Healthline, 19 December 2018: [link](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegetable-glycerin#what-it-is)
- **How to make glycerine from vegetable oil**, Sciencing.com, n.d. [link](https://sciencing.com/sources-of-organic-matter-in-soil-12347549.html)
- **Glycerol**, Wikipedia, n.d. [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol)
- **What is sustainable palm oil?** Greenpalm.org, n.d.: [link](https://greenpalm.org/about-palm-oil/sustainable-palm-oil)
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