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<h1 class="display-3 text-uppercase text-white mb-3">Week-11</h1>
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<h6 class="text-uppercase m-0"><a class="text-white" href="">Assignments</a></h6>
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<h3><u><FONT COLOR="f77d0a">DAY-01</FONT></u></h3>
<div>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">On the Wednesday of eleventh week, Mr. Neil sir conducted our eleventh global session. He took the random generator in first 90 minutes. He gave us overall explaination about week-11 which includes Output Devices.
<br>
In this assignment, I have made documentation on-<br>
<b>Group Assignment</b><br>
1. Probe an input device's analog levels and digital signals. <br>
<b>Individual Assignment</b><br>
1. Measure something: add a sensor to a microcontroller board that you have designed and read it.<br>
</FONT></p>
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<h3><u><FONT COLOR="f77d0a">DAY-02</FONT></u></h3>
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<p><FONT COLOR="black">
<b>Input Devices:-</b><br>
<b>What is Input device?</b> The name itself give an idea that the device which takes an input from environment called as input device. An input device is a hardware component that allows users to provide data and control signals to a computer or other electronic systems. These devices translate physical actions, such as typing on a keyboard, clicking a mouse, or touching a screen, into electronic signals that the system can understand and process. Input devices are essential for user interaction, enabling the input of information, commands, and controls necessary for operating the system. Common examples include keyboards for text input, mice for navigation, touchscreens for direct interaction, and sensors for detecting environmental changes. By converting human actions into machine-readable signals, input devices play a critical role in the functionality and usability of electronic systems.<br>
<br>
<b>Group Assignment</b><br>
<a href="groupassignmentweek-11.html">Click here to see group assignment in detail.</a><br>
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<br>
<b>Individual Assignmment</b><br>
In individual assignment, I designed PCB board which includes Input devices - MQ135 gas sensor and pressure sensor. <br>
<b>1) MQ135 gas sensor </b>
</FONT></p>
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<img width="900" height="650"src="img/week-11/01.jpg">
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<p><FONT COLOR="black">
The MQ135 gas sensor is a versatile device used to detect a variety of gases in the air, making it essential for air quality monitoring systems. This sensor can measure the concentration of gases like ammonia, nitrogen oxides, alcohol, benzene, smoke, and carbon dioxide. It operates using a tin dioxide (SnO2) sensing layer, which exhibits lower conductivity in clean air. When the sensor is exposed to target gases, the interaction with the tin dioxide increases its conductivity. This change in conductivity is then converted into an electrical signal, which can be processed by a microcontroller or other devices to determine the concentration of the detected gases. The MQ135's wide sensitivity range makes it an ideal choice for applications requiring comprehensive air quality assessments.<br>
<b>2) Pressure Sensor</b>
</FONT></p>
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<img width="900" height="650"src="img/week-11/02.png">
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<p><FONT COLOR="black">
A pressure sensor made using Velostat is a simple, flexible, and cost-effective device for detecting and measuring pressure or force. Velostat, also known as Linqstat, is a conductive material that changes its electrical resistance when pressure is applied to it. The sensor is typically constructed by placing a piece of Velostat between two conductive layers. When pressure is exerted on the sensor, the resistance of the Velostat decreases, allowing more current to flow through the circuit. This change in resistance can be measured by a microcontroller or other electronic device to determine the amount of pressure applied. Velostat pressure sensors are widely used in applications such as wearable technology, robotics, and interactive surfaces due to their lightweight, flexible, and inexpensive nature.<br>
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/03.png">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Here, I designed PCB Schematic in AutoDesk Eagle Software by considering the proper connections of respective input devices.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/04.png">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Here is the final design of PCB board for input devices.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/05.png">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
These are the PNG images of traces and outline exported for generating GCode for PCB Milling process.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/06.png">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Now, I used MIT Mods CE to generate GCode of image for PCB Milling process by inserting required parameters such as tool diameter, depth of cut and offset number.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/07.png">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Again, use same process to generate GCode of outline of PCB.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<center>
<video width="700" height="450" controls>
<source src="video/week-11/01.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video></center>
</div>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Here is the video of PCB Milling process of input devices PCB.
</FONT></p>
<div>
<img width="900" height="550"src="img/week-11/08.jpg">
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
Here, I got the output.
</FONT></p>
<div>
</div><br>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
This is the glimpse after soldering the input deevice PCB. Finally, it is ready! <br>
Now, its time for testing. Firstly, I tested all the devices separately with PCB board.<br>
<b>1) MQ135 gas sensor</b><br>
<b>Code:-</b><br>
<code>
const int sensorPin = 34; // Analog input pin connected to MQ-135<br>
const int heaterPin = 25; // Digital output pin connected to MQ-135 heater<br>
<br>
void setup() {<br>
Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize serial communication for printing data<br>
pinMode(heaterPin, OUTPUT); // Set heater pin as output<br>
}<br>
<br>
void loop() {<br>
digitalWrite(heaterPin, HIGH); // Turn on heater (adjust based on sensor datasheet)<br>
delay(1000); // Wait for heater to stabilize (adjust based on sensor datasheet)<br>
<br>
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);<br>
Serial.print("Sensor Value: ");<br>
Serial.println(sensorValue);<br>
<br>
digitalWrite(heaterPin, LOW); // Turn off heater (adjust based on sensor datasheet)<br>
delay(5000); // Wait before next reading<br>
}<br>
</code><br>
<b>Output:-</b>
</FONT></p>
<div>
<center>
<video width="700" height="450" controls>
<source src="video/week-11/02.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video></center>
</div>
<p><FONT COLOR="black">
<b>2) Pressure Sensor</b><br>
<b>Code:-</b><br>
<code>
const int sensorPin = 34; // Analog input pin connected to pressure sensor<br>
<br>
void setup() {<br>
Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize serial communication for printing data<br>
}<br>
<br>
void loop() {<br>
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);<br>
float voltage = sensorValue * (3.3 / 1023.0); // Convert raw value to voltage (assuming 3.3V reference)<br>
// Apply calibration factor based on your sensor datasheet to convert voltage to pressure<br>
float pressure = voltage * calibration_factor; // Replace with your calibration calculation<br>
Serial.print("Pressure: ");<br>
Serial.print(pressure);<br>
Serial.println(" (your pressure unit)");<br>
delay(1000); // Wait 1 second before next reading<br>
}<br>
</code><br>
<b>Output:-</b>
</FONT></p>
<div>
<center>
<video width="700" height="450" controls>
<source src="video/week-11/03.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video></center>
</div>
</div>
<div><h3>Downloads</h3>
<p>
<a href="files/week-11/week-11.zip">PCB Files</a><br>
</p>
</div>
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<p><center><u><h3><FONT COLOR="2b2e4a">Siddhi Bodhe Fab Academy😁</FONT></h3></u></center></p><br><br>
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