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Commit 8908aa87 authored by Nikhilkumar More's avatar Nikhilkumar More :speech_balloon:
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    </noscript>
    <!--[if lte IE 8]><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/ie/v8.css" /><![endif]-->
    <!--[if lte IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/ie/v9.css" /><![endif]-->
    <style>
    h4 { border-bottom: 6px solid yellow; background-color: lightgrey;
    }
    pm{style="justify-content: center;}
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    </head>
    <body class="homepage">
    <div id="wrapper">
    ......@@ -56,22 +61,22 @@
    <div class="9u skel-cell-important">
    <section id="content" >
    <header>
    <h2 style="color:blueviolet">Idea 2: Solar Powered Smart Kitchen Chimney</h2>
    <h2 style="color:maroon">Solar Powered Smart Kitchen Chimney</h2>
    <h4>1. Scope of the Project </h4>
    <h4 id="scope"> <strong> Scope of the Project </strong> </h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> •In India, the biomass is used for generation of heat for cooking process. <br>
    • In rural area, the biomass is available in huge quantity.<br>
    • The burning of biomass, can release smoke and high concentration of particulate matter. <br>
    • Which dangerous for health of person working in kitchen and person who will come contact with the smoke. <br>
    • So, it is necessity to absorb this smoke from kitchen, before it gets add into the atmosphere. </strong></p>
    <br> <br>
    <h4>2. Abstarct </h4>
    <h4 id="abstract"><strong>Abstarct </strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> A smart kitchen chimney uses the solar energy as a power source the run the DC
    fan of the chimney. When the smokes come in contact with the sensor of chimney, the signal will gets to Arduino microcontroller,
    the exhaust fan will get operate, which can absorb the smoke from kitchen and send it into carbon charcoal filter where the carbon
    and other hazardous gases will get absorbs and the smoke will exhausted into the atmosphere. </strong></p>
    <br> <br>
    <h4>3. Introduction</h4>
    <h4 id="introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> The chimney is the passage through which smoke and combustion gas escape from workplace
    to outer environment. The existing chimneys are operated based on AC source which is more costlier and some places the electricity is not available.
    In order to overcome this difficulty our entire system works on DC source.
    ......@@ -83,35 +88,35 @@
    The automatic on/off control process of exhaust fan is made by Arduino microcontroller and smoke sensor. The smoke sensor detect the smoke more
    accurately and send required data to exhaust fan module and the fan get operate. </strong></p>
    <br> <br>
    <h4>4. Sketch of project </h4>
    <h4 id="sketch"><strong>Sketch of project </strong></h4>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>4.Block diagram of Project </h4>
    <h4 id="block"><strong>Block diagram of Project </strong></h4>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>5. Literature Survey</h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> Yu et al. (2015):A relatively low number of smokers have caused high lung cancer prevalence in females in Taiwan.
    <h4 id="literature"><strong>Literature Survey</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> <i>Yu et al. (2015)</i>:A relatively low number of smokers have caused high lung cancer prevalence in females in Taiwan.
    Since cooking is one of the major sources of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household buildings, one of the major risk
    factors for lung cancer is suspected to be the exposure to air pollution from cooking (APC) [1]. <br> <br>
    Gao et al. (2013):One of the major problems of indoor air quality and indoor environmental health identified was the particulate matter generated during the
    <i>Gao et al. (2013)</i>:One of the major problems of indoor air quality and indoor environmental health identified was the particulate matter generated during the
    cooking process. Accurate information of emission characteristics especially the size distribution is re-quired by reliable assessment of exposure to cooking
    generat-ed particles. The volume/mass-based size distribution of the fume particles at the oil heating stage for the typical Chinese-style cooking in a laboratory
    kitchen is characterized in this study titled “Volume-based size distribution of accumulation and coarse particles (PMO. 1-10) from cooking fume during oil heating”
    which was published in “Building and Environ-ment”[2]. <br> <br>
    Poon et al. (2016):The major indoor pollutant source is from cooking. To know both the exposure, inside and outside the kitchen are im-portant. Two indoor zones and
    <i>Poon et al. (2016)</i>:The major indoor pollutant source is from cooking. To know both the exposure, inside and outside the kitchen are im-portant. Two indoor zones and
    their spatial distribution of particle concentration however, have not been studied exten-sively. In this study, particle transport between two zones for a water
    boiling process under four kitchen hood operation scenarios was investigated. By using a condensation particle counter the particles were counted and the study may be
    con-sidered a study of ultrafine particles since most of the particles were less than 100 nm in diameter. Poon et al published their article in Building and Environment
    and the title is “Experi-mental study of exposure to cooking emitted particles under single zone and two-zone environments”. [3] <br> <br>
    Zhou et al. (2016):Occupant's health is determined by the pollutants generated from cooking process. Range hood is installed to exhaust oil fume and other pollutants for
    <i>Zhou et al. (2016)</i>:Occupant's health is determined by the pollutants generated from cooking process. Range hood is installed to exhaust oil fume and other pollutants for
    conventional residential kitchen in hot summer and cold winter region of China. Air is sup-plied through the insect screen in typical kitchen. However, for good indoor
    air quality in kitchen, this kind of air supply and exhaust system is not capable of providing air distribu-tion. The combined scheme with air supply through slot air
    curtain and air exhaust through range hood is proposed in order to solve this problem, which is called as the push-pull ventilation system. To investigate the air velocity,
    ......@@ -120,81 +125,149 @@
    Environment <br>
    </strong></p>
    <br> <br>
    <h4>6.Component and its specification</h4>
    <h4>a. DC Fan</h4>
    <h4 id="component"><strong>Component and its specification</strong></h4>
    <h4><strong>a. DC Fan </strong> </h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> The fan is used to sucks the smoke from the kitchen, exhaust it into the atmosphere. Here i have to select the fan, which is work on solar power. so the DC fan is selected.
    The propose DC fan have this specification: <br>
    Type: Axia Fan, Voltage:12V,Power:3W, Current:0.25A, Speed:2400 RPM, Size: 12x12x2.5cm,Air Volume:85CFM, Noise Level:35db </strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>b. Battery</h4>
    <h4><strong>b. Battery</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> Batteries as electrical storage medium, are very important part of this system because it have to provide the energy when there is no sunlight
    So here i have to used sealed lead acid battery of rating 7.5 AH/12V. </strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>c. PV Module</h4>
    <h4><strong>c. PV Module</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> A solar PV module is a collection of solar cells, mainly connected in series. These combinations of solar cells
    provide higher power than a single solar cell. The PV module are available in the power rating from 3 watt to 300 watt. They really form the basic building block
    of PV system as power generating unit. Here we required a energy from PV module for Battery Charging of around 7.5 AH. The power of battery is used to run a suction fan of
    blower.so here i selected the PV module of rating 10W/12V. </strong></p>
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    <br><br>
    <h4>d. MPPT Charge Controller </h4>
    <h4><strong>d. MPPT Charge Controller</strong> </h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> The PV system required several components other than PV module.The batteries are required to store the electrical energy for
    night time applications. So here the protection of batteries is required from over-charging, over-discharge as both of these damage the batteries and reduce their lifetime.
    so the device which protect the batteries is know as charge controller. MPPT is used to ensure that PV module is supplying maximum posible power to the systems.In the absence of
    MPPT, the PV module may work in sub-optimal conditions and may not generate power to its potential. The charge controller and MPPT are club into single electronic device
    called MPPT charge controller. so here i have to design the circuit and to develop the PCB in Fab Lab</strong></p>
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    <div class="oval"><img src="img/p_4.jpg" width="60%"
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>e. microcontroller</h4>
    <h4><strong>e.Smoke Sensor</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> Smoke sensor sense the smoke which is coming from burning of biomass or gas in kitchen. After sensing the smoke it can gives the signal to microcontroller for to start the working of fan in chimney.</strong></p>
    <h4><strong>f. Carbon Filter</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> The carbon filter is used to absorb the charcoal from the smoke. </strong></p>
    <html>
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    <h4><strong>h. Microcontroller</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes
    a processor, memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip. A microcontroller is embedded inside of a system to control a singular function in a device. It does this by interpreting
    data it receives from its I/O peripherals using its central processor. The temporary information that the microcontroller receives is stored in its data memory, where the processor accesses it and uses
    instructions stored in its program memory to decipher and apply the incoming data. It then uses its I/O peripherals to communicate and enact the appropriate action.There are a number of technology and b
    business considerations to keep in mind when choosing a microcontroller for a project.Beyond cost, it is important to consider the maximum speed, amount of RAM or ROM, number or types of I/O pins on an MCU,
    as well as power consumption and constraints and development support. </strong></p>
    as well as power consumption and constraints and development support. <br>
    Here for smooth operation of the project, I have selected AtTiny 44 IC, which has 14 pin.</strong></p>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong>The details about this microcontroller is given in<a href="http://fabacademy.org/2020/labs/vigyanashram/students/nikhilkumar-more/assignment/assignment9.html"> Assignment 9. </a> The pin configuration is shown below:</strong></p>
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    height="70%" class="svg__image"> </div>
    <br> <br>
    <h4>f.Smoke Sensor</h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> Smoke sensor sense the smoke which is coming from burning of biomass or gas in kitchen. After sensing the smoke it can gives the signal to microcontroller for to start the working of fan in chimney.</strong></p>
    <div class="row">
    <h4 id="input"><strong>Input Device Board</strong> </h4>
    <p> <strong> The input device board is designed using Eagle software. For the given project, the smoke sensor is act as a input device. When the smoke is detected by the sensor, the signal is send to the IC and according to that the output device start working.
    So here I am using the module of smoke sensor, so the 4 pin are provided for connection. Out of 4 pin, Two pin is for VCC and GND and other two pin is for anolog and digital signal. So here only analog connection is made with IC, because I have to take only analog signal.
    The schematic and Board diagram for input device board is shown below: </strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>g. Carbon Filter</h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> The carbon filter is used to absorb the charcoal from the smoke. </strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
    </strong></p>
    <h4 id="output"><strong>Output Device Board</strong> </h4>
    <p> <strong> For the project, the purpose is to exhaust the smoke from kitchen into the outside atmosphere. For the purpose, I am using two fan as a output device and to show whether the fan is ON/OFF, LED is also connected as a output device.
    But I have to install the LED at anothere place so the LED is not shown on Output Board. The load of fan is 5W which is less so I am using MOSFET to controll the fan. The circuit for the
    MOSFET is shown on this board. </strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4 id="programm"><strong>Programm for Project </strong> </h4>
    <p> <strong> Here I have created the programm in Arduino IDE, Tested this programm on Arduino using TinkerCad. When I get lab access, then I have use this programm as a reference for my project.
    Here I have decleare the one input and three output devices in void setup. The LED and Fan will get HIGH when the smoke sensor read the value =>30. If the value is less, then it will get LOW.</strong></p>
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    <br> <br>
    <h4>References</h4>
    <h4 id="reference"><strong>References</strong></h4>
    <p style="justify-content: center"><strong> [1]Yu, X. J., Yang, M. J., Zhou, B., Wang, G. Z., Huang, Y. C., Wu, L. C., ... & Gao, X. H. (2015). Characterization of somatic mutations
    in air pollution-related lung cancer. EBioMedicine, 2(6), 583-590 <br> [2]Gao, J., Cao, C., Zhang, X., & Luo, Z. (2013). Volume-based size distribution of accumulation and coarse particles
    (PM0. 1–10) from cooking fume during oil heating. Building and Environment, 59, 575-580.<br> [3] Poon, C., Wallace, L., & Lai, A. C. (2016). Experimental study of exposure to cooking emitted
    ......@@ -209,24 +282,17 @@
    <h2>Content</h2>
    </header>
    <ul class="style1">
    <li class="first"><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="# Need of the Project">1.Scope of the Project</a> </li> <br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a id="Abstract" href="#Abstract">2.Abstract</a></li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">3.Introduction </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">4.Sketch & Block Diagram of Project</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">5.Literature Survey </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">6.About Component of Project </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">a.PV Module </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">b.MPPT Charge Controller </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">c.Battery</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">d.Micro-controller</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">e.Smoke Sensor</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">f.DC Fan</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">g.Carbon Filter</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">7. Working of Smart Chimney</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">8.Fabrication of Chimney</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">9. Testing and Results</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">What I Learn?</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#">References</a> </li><br>
    <li class="first"><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="# scope">Scope of the Project</a> </li> <br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a id="Abstract" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#introduction">Introduction </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#sketch">Sketch of Project</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#block">Block Diagram of Project</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#literature">Literature Survey </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#component">Component of Project </a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#input">Input Device Board</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#output">Output Device Board</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#programm">Programm for Project</a> </li><br>
    <li><span class="fa fa-check"></span><a href="#reference">References</a> </li><br>
    </ul>
    </section>
    ......
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