final project update

docs/Final Project-archive.md

+
+
+## Final Project
+
+For my final project, I want to make a versatile lamp.
+A light source that can keep resultant light on a surface constant irrespective of external daylight.
+
+Also, to add some mechanics and automation, make the form versatile to change it from being indirect light, ambient and a task light whenever required.
+
+####PLAN:
+* CAD - make 2D for cutting/production  files & make a 3D model, animate and render  
+* Inputs - light sensors to measure light color (add light intensity later)  
+* Output - Multicolor LED to change output to match resultant light  
+* CAM - lasercut parts, use vinyl cutter for origami folds  
+* 3D printing - joints, make casing for PCB  
+* Electronic design, production and embedded programming - To make the micro-contoller PCB  
+* Network and Communication - Add WiFi module to control it remotely  
+* Interface and Application programming - To make a GUI (phone app?)  
+
+![Spiral Development Plan](./images/final-project/spiral.jpg)
+
+* What does it do?
+The lamp provides exactly the same amount of light all the time.
+It changes it's output light intensity based on external light conditions to provide uniform light on a target surface.
+It has a versatile form that allows it to be either an indirect light that reflects off of the ceiling, ambient light that illuminates all surroundings or a task light that lights up a desk surface.
+
+* Who's done what beforehand?
+
+The origami of the [Meduse Lamp](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True) helps transform the type of lamp.
+![Meduse Lamp](./images/final-project/meduse-lamp.gif)
+![Meduse Lamp](./images/final-project/meduse-lamp2.gif)  
+
+* What did you design?
+
+* What materials and components were used?
+Electronics:
+1. VEML6040 RGB light sensor (input)
+2. RGB LED (output)
+3.
+
+* Where did they come from?
+* How much did they cost?
+
+* What parts and systems were made?
+* What processes were used?
+* What questions were answered?
+* What worked? What didn't?
+* How was it evaluated?
+* What are the implications?
+
+####References
+For the origami form: [Meduse Lamp](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True)
+For the light app: [Philips Hue](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True)
+[Bang & Olufsen](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bang-olufsen/id1203736217)
+For mechanics:

docs/Final Project.md

@@ -2,41 +2,144 @@
 
 ## Final Project
 
-For my final project, I want to make a versatile lamp.
-A light source that can keep resultant light on a surface constant irrespective of external daylight.
+####About vertical farming
+Vertical farming is the practice of food production that takes the form of vertically stacked layers and vertically inclined surfaces. The method is executed inside a controlled environment building, usually without soil or natural light.
+
+Also known as indoor farming, vertical farming has in recent years gained recognition as a solid method of sustainability. The system was born out of the challenges affecting the 21st century, specifically issues like food shortage, resource depletion, and overpopulation.
+Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is an advanced and intensive form of hydroponically-based agriculture where plants grow within a controlled environment to optimize horticultural practices.environmental conditions can be easily regulated to encourage the growth of plants
+
+Benefits:
+1. grow more than one type of plant simultaneously without taking up much space
+2. 95% less water than conventional horizontal farming (ref: stat)
+3. More crops in the same times (when done at scale)
+4. controlled environment - not season dependant
+5. Reduced distance between food production and consumption
+6. Closer to self-sustainability if system done correctly
+
+Cons:
+1. Energy consumption is high
+2. Specialised equipment
+3. Natural pollination not possible in a controlled environment
+4. Technology dependancy
+
+
+While to make a viable business around vertical farming has many aspects like space optimisation, demand and supply rate, etc., in this project I want to concentrate on the technical aspects and make them modifiable when scaled to make a bigger farm.
+Decisions to make successful growing:
+1. Crop selection  
+2. Lighting selection
+3. Data, sensors, control and software
+4. Substrate selection
+5. Spacing of crops
+6. Temperature and humidity
 
-Also, to add some mechanics and automation, make the form versatile to change it from being indirect light, ambient and a task light whenever required.
 
 ####PLAN:
 * CAD - make 2D for cutting/production  files & make a 3D model, animate and render  
-* Inputs - light sensors to measure light color (add light intensity later)  
-* Output - Multicolor LED to change output to match resultant light  
-* CAM - lasercut parts, use vinyl cutter for origami folds  
-* 3D printing - joints, make casing for PCB  
+* Inputs -  sensors to measure
+* Output -  LED  
+* CAM - lasercut parts, use vinyl cutter for
+* 3D printing - joints, make casing
 * Electronic design, production and embedded programming - To make the micro-contoller PCB  
-* Network and Communication - Add WiFi module to control it remotely  
+* Network and Communication - Add WiFi module to control it remotely?  
 * Interface and Application programming - To make a GUI (phone app?)  
 
 ![Spiral Development Plan](./images/final-project/spiral.jpg)
+
+#### Process
+* First I started by making a CAD model in Rhino. I explored multiple forms.
+![forms](./images/final-project/forms.jpg)
+Since I need to make as many parts as possible in the lab instead of buying parts, I modify the design to make it simpler.
+![](./images/final-project/CADv1.png)
+![](./images/final-project/v0.jpg)
+
+#### Designing the electronics:
+
+I listed out the inputs and outputs to include in the design after studying some similar projects like [POWAR](http://www.pablozuloaga.com/POWAR.html), [Mixoponics](https://fab.academany.org/2020/labs/bahrain/students/muhja-aljaser/projects/final-project/), etc.
+
+Inputs to include:
+1. DHT11 - temperature and humidity sensor
+2. Phototransistor - to measure ambient light intensity
+3. Potentiometer / variable resistance - to control flow of water through pump
+4. Potentiometer / variable resistance - to control grow light intensity  
+
+Outputs are:
+1. 12V DC pump to pump water through a sprinkler system
+2. 12V DC growth light strip with 3:1 RB 5050SMD LEDs
+3. 1602 LCD screen with I2C
+
+With the help my instructor Steven, I developed a basic scheme for the electronics.
+![scheme](./images/final-project/scheme.jpg)
+
+Also counting the pins required for each sensor and actuator:
+![pins](./images/final-project/pins.png)
+
+Since I am not in the lab, I need to order some components myself. I start making a Bill of Materials for the project electronics:
+![bom](./images/final-project/ebom.jpg)
+
+Next, I started making a schematic according to the sketch, connecting each component to V, GND and respective pins.
+
+12V DC-DC converter to 5V
+
+Phototransistor has two options of circuits, according to [this guide](http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/index.php/Photodiodes_and_Phototransistors).
+![Photodiodes_and_Phototransistors](./images/final-project/pt.jpg)
+
+I use the Phototransistor in active mode - meaning the output of the transistor is proportional to the intensity of the light.
+![pt](./images/final-project/phototransistor.png)
+
+The potentiometers have 3 pins - one for power, one GND and third data that connects to the MCU.
+![](./images/final-project/2pots.png)
+
+The temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 has 3 pins - 5V power, GND and data which connects to a digital pin of the MCU.
+Ref: [Introduction to DHT11](https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2019/03/introduction-to-dht11.html)
+![](./images/final-project/dht11.png)
+
+The DC-DC converter will have connections based on the datasheet...
+I'm connecting a toggle switch to the converter, which will be the power on/off switch for the user
+I'm also adding a red SMD LED as a power indicator.
+![](./images/final-project/dc-dc.png)
+![](./images/final-project/power-led.png)
+
+I need to read more about which display to choose - for now I'm adding a 16x2 character LCD with I2C to make serial communication easier and use less pins on the MCU, only SDA and SCL.
+![](./images/final-project/lcd.png)
+
+A 12V DC water pump is connected to the MCU with a n-channel MOSFET so I can control the flow of water using Pulse Width Modulation.
+![](./images/final-project/mosfet-pump.png)
+
+A 12V DC LED growlight strip is connected to the MCU with a n-channel MOSFET so I can control the light intensity. These come in different ratios of red-blue lights. I use one with 3:1 meant for leafy plants.
+![](./images/final-project/mosfet-led.png)
+
+Next, I use KiCAD to put all the schematics togther and begin to design my PCB.
+While making the schematic I realise not all sensors and actuators need to be on the PCB itself, some like the pump and the led and the DHT11 need to be at a different physical location on the designed box, so I need to add header pins and connect them using wires later.
+To clarify this, I begin modifying my 3D CAD model on Rhino.
+![]()
+
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+
 
 * What does it do?
-The lamp provides exactly the same amount of light all the time.
-It changes it's output light intensity based on external light conditions to provide uniform light on a target surface.
-It has a versatile form that allows it to be either an indirect light that reflects off of the ceiling, ambient light that illuminates all surroundings or a task light that lights up a desk surface.
 
 * Who's done what beforehand?
 
-The origami of the [Meduse Lamp](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True) helps transform the type of lamp.
-![Meduse Lamp](./images/final-project/meduse-lamp.gif)
-![Meduse Lamp](./images/final-project/meduse-lamp2.gif)  
-
 * What did you design?
 
 * What materials and components were used?
-Electronics:
-1. VEML6040 RGB light sensor (input)
-2. RGB LED (output)
-3.
 
 * Where did they come from?
 * How much did they cost?
@@ -49,7 +152,25 @@ Electronics:
 * What are the implications?
 
 ####References
-For the origami form: [Meduse Lamp](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True)
-For the light app: [Philips Hue](http://sdipl.net/slimsSRL/LoadSRLReport.aspx?CID=2110088069&UMR_NO=177803294956&HV=True)
-[Bang & Olufsen](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bang-olufsen/id1203736217)
-For mechanics:
+Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA): https://cea.cals.cornell.edu/about-cea/  
+Basics of homegrown vertical farms:
+https://www.diys.com/vertical-farming/  
+https://ecowarriorprincess.net/2017/11/a-beginners-guide-to-vertical-farming/  
+Aquapioneers: business integrating product and services for aquaponic farming http://aquapioneers.io/  
+Modular Vertical Farming projects:
+https://hackaday.io/project/5084-modular-vertical-farming  
+https://moltkegarden.com/  
+Lighting:
+https://www.lighting.philips.com/main/products/horticulture/hortiblog/vertical-farming/how-to-build-a-successful-vertical-farm  
+True garden:
+https://truegarden.com/residential/  
+http://www.conceptualdevices.com/2015/03/farm-x-the-first-modular-vertical-farm-concept-unveiled-almost/  
+ FARM-X. The First Modular Vertical Farm Concept (Almost) Unveiled :   
+https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/dymonxd/diy-grow-led-light-designing-a-better-sun-1adec1
+
+
+
+
+ </p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+<p><br><br><a href=”https://skunkology.com/how-does-hydroponics-work-infographics/” target=”_blank”><img src=”https://skunkology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/How-does-hydroponics-work.jpg” alt=”How does hydroponics work? – Infographics” border=”0″ width=”550″ /></a><br><span style=”font-size: 14px;”>(via <a href=”https://www.skunkology.com/”>Skunkology.com</a>).</span><br><br><br></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+<p>