update agar composite and alginate net

docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md

@@ -26,12 +26,9 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days
 
 ## Ingredients
 
-* **Agar - 5 g** 
-	* Polymer (makes it hard)
-* **Glycerine - 15 g**
-	* Plasticizer
-* **Water - 250 ml/g** 
-	* Solvent, to dissolve and heat the agar
+* **Agar - 5 g** polymer (makes it hard)
+* **Glycerine - 15 g** plasticizer
+* **Water - 250 ml/g** solvent, to dissolve and heat the agar
 * **A piece of textile** large enough to fit over the mold
 * **A mold** for example a bowl, or other 2.5D or 3D surface
 
@@ -104,35 +101,41 @@ N/A
 Not sure
 
 ### Process
-![](../../images/agar1.jpg)*Dissolving the agar while stirring, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-![](../../images/agar2.jpg)*Making a trace with the spoon, consistency of syrup, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
+![](../../images/agar3.jpg)*Waiting for the agar to dissolve, consistency of syrup, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
+![](../../images/agar2.jpg)*it's done when you can leave a trace with the spoon, consistency of syrup, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
+![](../../images/agar1.jpg)*You can really soak up the cotton by dipping it into the pan, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
 ![](../../images/agar4.jpg)*The composite inside the "two-piece" mold of the two glass bowls, Loes Bogers, 2020*
 
 
 ## Variations on this recipe
 
 - Substitute part of the water with a dye
-- Try different molds and textiles
-- Design your own mold
+- Try or design different molds to create big spatial structures and objects
+- Use different fibres as enforcement. Other *natural* fibres may be continuous/discontinuous ([long fibres like yarns](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/alginatenet/), strings or hair. Or they can be short fibres that are chopped like wood chips, [egg shells](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/biolino/), leather leftovers), particles or even braided and woven fibres like the cotton used here. Collagen, cellulose, silks, and chitin are the types found in nature. 
+- Use a different matrix: biomaterials like beeswax or animal glue for example are thermoformable matrices (the ones you can form with the help of heat). And setting matrixes like bio epoxies, white glue (made of flour), alginate, gelatin and starch-based plastics, mycelium and kombucha.   
+- Textiles can be used as scaffold in many other ways too: by growing mineral crystals on it, in concrete form work, leather moulding (cuir bouilli), and in combination with lasercut wood patterns.
 
 ### Cultural origins of this recipe
 
-[Free text]
+A composite can be any combination of two or more dissimilar materials which together make for a material with different properties, but without merging into one new compound (they continue to be discernable). Very familiar examples is paper mache (paper and glue modelled for example around a balloon). It is one of the earliest human technologies. Early on composites were created by adding straw to mud bricks for building, or the Egyptian practice of soaking cloth tape in resin used for mummification of the dead. The technical temrs for the materials used in a composite are *constituent materials* with three type: the matrix, preform and the enforcement. The matrix is a pattern that distributes the load (e.g. bioresin), the preform are yarns, net wovens, whereas other reinforcement (such as fibres) contribute to the mechanical properties of the materials. 
 
-**Needs further research?**   Yes/No/Not sure
+All composites (even simple ones) are engineered materials. One of the great benefits is that it can result in large but strong and lightweight spatial objects (e.g. carbon fibre enforced plastic) with relatively few resources. It also gives more options to create varying degrees of stiffness and strength. The use of textile composites in the construction industry is less common than traditional building materials, but its popularity is growing. 
 
-[Notes]
+**Needs further research?**   Not sure
 
 ### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes
 
 This is an adaptation of **Flexible bio-foil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). A longer cooking time is recommended to create a thicker foil. 
 
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+### Known concerns and contestations
 
-Yes/No/Needs further research
-
-[Describe them here free text]
+Concerns and contestations are largely determined by the choice of constituent materials in a composite. An issue with most composites however, is that the process of recycling is complicated when constituent materials cannot be separated after use. For example salvaging the carbon fibre used in sports sailing equipment requires quite a lot of (toxic) chemicals and dissolves the other constituent material in the sail. The big thing to consider with composites is how might be be recycled and/or reabsorbed in nature without wasting resources. 
 
+"Green" composites would be made of biopolymers (e.g. agar-based bioplastic) and natural fibres (e.g. cotton, hemp, corn cobs, wood dust) as reinforcement), making the composite fully degradable if not compostable. 
 
 ### Sustainability tags
 
@@ -213,13 +216,11 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
 
 ##References
 
-- **[Title of publication 1]** by [First + Last Name Author]\([Affiliation/Institution]\), [Publication name or channel], [YYYY], [link](put URL here).
-
-ADD MORE HERE
+- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy, 30 October 2018: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/)
+- **Textile Composite Materials** by Ashok Hakoo for Textile School, 14 April 2019: [link](https://www.textileschool.com/4474/textile-composite-materials/)
+- **Textile Composites** by Waqas Paracha via Slideshare, 5 April 2010: [link](https://www.slideshare.net/wakasyounus/textile-composites)
+- **What is Biocomposite?** by Ashish Kumar Dua, for Textile Learner, July 2013: [link](https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/07/what-is-biocomposite-fibers-used-in.html)
 
 ## Images of final product
-![](../../images/finalpics-80.jpg)*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-![](../../images/finalpics-81.jpg)*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+![](../../images/finalpics-58.jpg)*Agar composite, Loes Bogers, 2020*
 
-![](../../images/finalpics-82.jpg)*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
\ No newline at end of file

docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md

@@ -134,7 +134,11 @@ Not sure
 
 ### Cultural origins of this recipe
 
-Alginate plastic is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by  William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technology industry. 
+**About the material:** alginate plastic is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by  William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technology industry. 
+
+**About the technique:** this is a socalled *composite.* A composite can be any combination of two or more dissimilar materials which together make for a material with different properties, but without merging into one new compound (they continue to be discernable). Very familiar examples is paper mache (paper and glue modelled for example around a balloon). It is one of the earliest human technologies. Early on composites were created by adding straw to mud bricks for building, or the Egyptian practice of soaking cloth tape in resin used for mummification of the dead. The technical temrs for the materials used in a composite are *constituent materials* with three type: the matrix, preform and the enforcement. The matrix is a pattern that distributes the load (e.g. bioresin), the preform are yarns, net wovens, whereas other reinforcement (such as fibres) contribute to the mechanical properties of the materials. 
+
+All composites (even simple ones) are engineered materials. One of the great benefits is that it can result in large but strong and lightweight spatial objects (e.g. carbon fibre enforced plastic) with relatively few resources. It also gives more options to create varying degrees of stiffness and strength. The use of textile composites in the construction industry is less common than traditional building materials, but its popularity is growing. 
 
 **Needs further research?**   Not sure
 
@@ -142,11 +146,13 @@ Alginate plastic is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherifica
 
 The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
 
-The technique of alginate net casting is a variation on the experiments documented by Carolina Delgado (2020) in her Fabricademy [project page:](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting)
+The technique of alginate net casting is a variation on the experiments documented by **Carolina Delgado** (2020) in her Fabricademy [project page:](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting)
 
 ### Known concerns and contestations\*
 
-ADD HERE!
+Brown algae are not farmed everywhere in the world and might have to travel significant distances. Although alginate has been used for precision casting in dental technology, it remains quite difficult to control this material without the use of further chemical additives. 
+
+Further research is required regarding the exact production processes of sodium alginate. More research is needed on the use of sustainable additives to reduce shrinkage and deformation, and decreasing the curing time. 
 
 ### Sustainability tags
 
@@ -218,15 +224,22 @@ By Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy Student Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 26 March 2
 
 ## Copyright information
 
-This is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
+This is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). Published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+
+and: 
+
+**Nature-Based System for Food Packaging** by Caroline Delgado, Fabricademy final project, 2020: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting). Published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike licence.
 
-It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
 
 ##References
 
 - **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
 - **The Science Of Spherification: Theoreticians examine the atomic details of an avant-garde culinary technique"**, by Bethany Halford, Chemical and Engineering News, Volume 92 Issue 42, pp. 35-36, October 2014: https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i42/Science-Spherification.html 
 - **Nature-Based System for Food Packaging** by Caroline Delgado, Fabricademy final project, 2020: https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting
+- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy, 30 October 2018: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/)
+- **Textile Composite Materials** by Ashok Hakoo for Textile School, 14 April 2019: [link](https://www.textileschool.com/4474/textile-composite-materials/)
+- **Textile Composites** by Waqas Paracha via Slideshare, 5 April 2010: [link](https://www.slideshare.net/wakasyounus/textile-composites)
+- **What is Biocomposite?** by Ashish Kumar Dua, for Textile Learner, July 2013: [link](https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/07/what-is-biocomposite-fibers-used-in.html)
 
 ## Images of final product
 

docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ Developing tools to extrude evenly and continuously would be useful.
 - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder)
 - Add **more glycerine** to try achieve a more flexible string
 - Varying with different mouth pieces can generate thicker or thinner strings. 
+- When these strings are put in water at room temperature for an hour they start to absorb water and the will get soft again. This is to be avoided unless you want the **make the strings longer and thinner** (and more fragile). When you soak them they can be stretch and elongate them by about 30%. 
 
 ### Cultural origins of this recipe
 

docs/files/recipes/kombuchapaper.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 5 days
 
 ## Ingredients
 
-* **Kombucha SCOBY** - 1 piece of 2-3 mm thickness, grow one with [this recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchascoby)
+* **Kombucha SCOBY** - 1 piece of 3-5 mm thickness, grow one with [this recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchascoby)
 * **Turpentine** - 1 tbsp (15 ml) + a little more
 * **Beeswax, melted** - 1 tbsp (15 ml)
 * **Boiled Linseed/Flax oil** - 1 tbsp (15 ml) you can get this at a hardware story, this is not the same as the food-grade one from the supermarket.
@@ -76,8 +76,6 @@ One sheet of kombucha paper.
 
 ### Drying/curing/growth process
 
-[Free text]
-
 - Thickness before drying:		5 mm for thin paper-like sheets, 10-15 mm for leather-like material
 - Shrinkage thickness       80-90 %
 - Shrinkage width/length     0-10 %
@@ -109,18 +107,16 @@ Not sure
 
 ## Variations on this recipe
 
-- The same process can be used to create more leather-like sheets. Follow the exact same recipe but use a SCOBY that grew into 10 mm thickness instead of 2-3mm. 
+- The same process can be used to create more leather-like sheets. Follow the exact same recipe but use a SCOBY that grew into 10-15 mm thickness instead of 3-5mm. 
 - The kombucha paper takes on the shape it dries in, try drying the paper on top of a mold to let it dry and contract into a 3D shape. Use vaseline as a release agent. 
 - Dye the pellicle before oiling and drying, by dipping it into a concentrated natural dye. It takes on dye quite well.  
 - Coconut oil as post-treatment has also been suggested. Rub it into the wet kombucha pellicle. Without a sealant, the kombucha could become sticky if worn in the rain. Full water resistance can be achieved if using acrylic or oil based sealers, but then the material is no longer safely biodegradable.
 
 ### Cultural origins of this recipe
 
-[Free text]
-
-**Needs further research?**   Yes/No/Not sure
+See also the entry for [Kombucha SCOBY](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchascoby/) Using Kombucha SCOBY's as a design material took off most notably after Suzanne Lee's Ted talk "Grow Your Own Clothes" in 2011. And the use of kombucha cellulose as vegan leather has been further developed and shared by many other initiatives like thr34d5, the fashion department of Queensland University of Technology and scientists from The Edge, State Library of Queensland, Australia. 
 
-[Notes]
+**Needs further research?**   Not sure
 
 ### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes
 
@@ -128,20 +124,19 @@ Not sure
 - **Open Source Kombucha**, by thr34d5. n.d., [link](https://thr34d5.org/2019/08/28/open-source-kombucha/)
 - **Biofabricating Materials** by Cecilia Raspanti for Fabricademy 2019-2020: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/)
 
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+### Known concerns and contestations
 
-Yes/No/Needs further research
-
-[Describe them here free text]
+Because the SCOBY scan regrow itself infinitely with a bit of water, tea and sugar, and can be composted, it's a relatively uncontroversial material but still requires resources and more importantly, a lot of time. Especially in colder climates it is tempting to use heating to speed up the growth. As a material, it is still very much in development.
 
+Additives and post-treatments like boiled linseed oil and turpentine are not necessarily eco-friendly products. Chemicals are added to boiled linseed oil to make it dry quicker than raw linseed oil for example. There is room for improvement in the area of techniques and compounds to make the pellicles stronger and more durable. 
 
 ### Sustainability tags
 
 - Renewable ingredients: yes
 - Vegan: yes
-- Made of by-products or waste: no
+- Made of by-products or waste:  yes
 - Biocompostable final product:  yes
-- Re-use: no
+- Re-use: you can continue to use SCOBYs to grow more SCOBY, more kombucha, more is more. 
 
 Needs further research?:  Not sure
 
@@ -149,7 +144,8 @@ Needs further research?:  Not sure
 
 ### Comparative qualities
 
-The kombucha paper is translucent, sometimes with visible traces of the yeast and bacteria strings. The color varies with the liquid the SCOBY was grown in. It is comparable to parchment paper or tracing paper in terms of sound and translucence, but has less uniform shape, thickness and color.
+The kombucha paper is translucent, sometimes with visible traces of the yeast and bacteria strings. The color varies with the liquid the SCOBY was grown in. It is comparable to parchment paper or tracing paper in terms of sound and translucence, but has less uniform shape, thickness and color. Yeast strains that may be browner etc, give the finished product a type of "grain" like wood or leather might have. 
+
 
 ### Technical and sensory properties
 
@@ -183,7 +179,7 @@ The kombucha paper is translucent, sometimes with visible traces of the yeast an
 - Name: Loes Bogers
 - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
 - Location:  Rotterdam, the Netherlands
-- Date: 13-03-2020] – 20-03-2020]
+- Date: 13-03-2020 – 20-03-2020
 
 ### Environmental conditions
 

docs/files/recipes/kombuchascoby.md

 # KOMBUCHA SCOBY
 
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
+IMAGE HERE
 
 ### Description
 
@@ -25,61 +24,58 @@ Final form achieved after: 3-5 weeks if all goes well.
 
 ## Ingredients
 
-You can try both options: one is to grow a SCOBY from only kombucha bought at a health store, the other option also listed here is to grow SCOBY from a mix of store-bought kombucha and cooled down sugary tea. This way you give it more nutrients to grow off of, but you can also be feeding the yeast instead of the bacteria. Try both and find out what works best in your environment with the kombucha you can get. 
+There are various ways to do this and different methods work for different people, also depending on the temperature in your home. Here we use the living culture from store-bought kombucha and add some extra nutrients by preparing some sugary black tea for it to grow a little faster. The ratio is 2:1 kombucha, sugary tea.
 
 Try to work as sterile as possible throughout. 
 
 * **Kombucha drink with live culture (raw), without flavouring** 
 	* used here: Yaya Kombucha Original (Ekoplaza supermarket)
-	* 330 ml or more
+	* 660 ml (2x 330 ml) or just make sure to make a 2:1 ratio of raw kombucha and sugary tea).
 	* we will cultivate the live bacteria in the drink and grow them into a solid SCOBY
-	* some say it's best to find a bottle that already has some blobs (baby scoby's) sitting at the bottom. 
+	* some say it's best to find a bottle that already has some blobs of culture (baby scoby's) sitting at the bottom. 
 * **Denatured alcohol 96%** to desinfect all your tools and pots
-* **A large round coffee filter** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
-* **A rubber band** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
-* Optional: water - 1.5L,  to make black tea
-* Optional: 4 tea bags of black tea, plain, no flavours such as ceylon, darjeeling or English breakfast tea. 
-* Optional: (organic) sugar - 120 g, just plain white sugar is best.
+* **Two large round coffee filters** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
+* **Two rubber bands** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
+* **Water - 330 ml**,  to make black tea
+* **1 tea bags of black tea**, organic simple black tea such as ceylon, darjeeling or English breakfast are good options. 
+* **(organic) sugar - 30 g**, just plain white sugar is best.
 * Optional: a splash of vinegar if your water is alkaline
 
 ## Tools
 
-1. **A glass jar** try to get a wider one, min 10 cm diameter
+1. **Two glass jars** try to get a wider ones, min 10 cm diameter
 1. **A pot** 
 1. **Kitchen paper**
 1. **Anti-bacterial soap and kitchen towels** to wash your hands
-1. Optional: a scale if you will add sugary tea right away
-1. Optional: a spoon
-1. Optional: 2 more glass jars if you are working with sugary tea
+1. **A scale**
+1. **A spoon**
+1. **A thermometer**
 
 ## Yield before processing/drying/curing
 
-As many SCOBY's as you have jars with kombucha or kombucha/tea if all goes well. They will grow the same size and shape as the diameter of the jar you grown them in. 
+2 SCOBY's if all goes well. They will grow the same size and shape as the diameter of the jars you grown them in. 
 
 ## Method
 
-1. **Create a sterile environmet**
+1. **Create a sterile environment**
 
 	- Wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds
 	- Sterilize all your tools with 95% denatured alcohol
-	- If you don't have alcohol: sterilize with hot water. Don't put cold glass inside hot water! It will break. Heat up slowly. 
-
-1. **Option 1: the simple version**
+	- If you don't have alcohol: sterilize with hot water. Don't put cold glass inside hot water! It will break. Heat up slowly.  
 
-	- Put the kombucha in a sterilized jar
-	- Seal them with a coffee filter and a rubber band to prevent fruit flies from going in. You don't want their larvae in your SCOBY
-	- Put it on a shelf in a warm place but away from direct sunlight, and leave it for 2-3 weeks, or until it has grown 5 mm thick (to use for paper) or closer to 10-15 mm thick, to grow for leather-like pellicles. 
-	- Check regularly for (unusual growth). Ideally your SCOBY becomes a thick white-ish film floating on top of the liquid. But it takes many forms and can definitely look funny. Learn how to discriminate between a heathy SCOBY and fungal or yeast growth. The resources from [Kombucha Camp](https://www.kombuchakamp.com/kombucha-mold-information-and-pictures) are a good starting point. 
-
-1. **Option 2: the deluxe version with sugary black tea**
+1. **Prepare the sugary tea**
 
 	- Boil the water
-	- Add the teabags and turn off the heat. Let the tea brew and let it cool all the way down to room temperature (so you don't kill the bacteria of the kombucha). 
+	- Add the teabag and turn off the heat. Let the tea brew and let it cool all the way down to 30 degrees Celcius (so you don't kill the bacteria of the kombucha). 
+
+1. **Mix in the kombucha and seal**
 	- Make sure all is sterile - maybe wash your hands again? 
 	- Mix in the store-bought kombucha and stir
 	- Distribute your kombucha/tea mix into the sterilized jars
-	- Seal them with a coffee filter and a rubber band to prevent fruit flies from going in. You don't want their larvae in your SCOBY
-	- Put it on a shelf in a warm place but away from direct sunlight, and leave it for 2-3 weeks, or until it has grown 5 mm thick (to use for paper) or closer to 10-15 mm thick, to grow for leather-like pellicles. 
+	- Seal them with a coffee filter and a rubber band to prevent fruit flies from going in. You don't want their larvae in your SCOBY. You want to ensure air flow without letting any bugs in. You can also do this with a clean cloth, but make sure the mesh is small enough. 
+
+1. **Let it grow**
+	- Put it on a shelf in a warm place but away from direct sunlight, and leave it for 2-3 weeks, or until it has grown 5 mm thick (to use for paper) or closer to 10-15 mm thick, to grow for leather-like pellicles. Do not move the jars. 
 	- Check regularly for unusual growth. Ideally your SCOBY becomes a thick white-ish film floating on top of the liquid. But it takes many forms and can definitely look funny. Learn how to discriminate between a heathy SCOBY and fungal or yeast growth. The resources from [Kombucha Camp](https://www.kombuchakamp.com/kombucha-mold-information-and-pictures) are a good starting point. 
 
 1. **Use your SCOBY**
@@ -107,7 +103,7 @@ It is important not to distrub the SCOBY, just leave it in peace. Use glass jars
 
 **Post-processing**
 
-How to store your SCOBY for later use: 
+Make a **SCOBY hotel** to store your SCOBY for later use: 
 
 - Never put it in the fridge
 - Instead: learn to make a SCOBY hotel, and perform maintenance every 2-6 months, to keep growing for ever and ever and ever. Kombucha Camp has very good resources to learn this (see references). 
@@ -118,87 +114,86 @@ How to store your SCOBY for later use:
 Yes, there's a huge kombucha community out there. Get connected and learn all the ins and outs. 
 
 ### Process
-![](../images/yourimage1.jpg)*Caption, Image credit, Year*
-![](../images/yourimage2.jpg)*Caption, Image credit, Year*
-![](../images/yourimage3.jpg)*Caption, Image credit, Year*
-![](../images/yourimage4.jpg)*Caption, Image credit, Year*
-![](../images/yourimage5.jpg)*Caption, Image credit, Year*
+![](../../images/kombu1.jpeg)*Preparing for a few jars, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
+![](../../images/kombu2.jpeg)*Some experiments brewing, the one on the right has grown a nice thin SCOBY after two weeks, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+
 
 ## Variations on this recipe
 
 - Kombucha SCOBY can grow in many different liquids (wine, beer, green/black tea) that each give a different color to the SCOBY as well. Natural colorants can be added to the tea (such as hibiscus, beetroot etc). 
 - Try out different treatments for the kombucha, such as coconut oil or other natural and essential oils.
-- Research the use of growing mats and temperature controlled boxes to keep your SCOBY at 22 to 27 degrees Celcius for optimal growth and the smallest chance at mold formation. 
+- Research the use of growing mats and temperature controlled boxes to keep your SCOBY at 24 to 30 degrees Celcius for optimal growth and the smallest chance at mold formation. Ideal temperature is 27 degrees celcius. If you use a plant mat, don't put it underneath the jar but rather wrap it around it (otherwise you're more likely to increase yeast growth instead of SCOBY growth). 
 - **The NOMA guide to fermentation** is a great resource on microbial growth for safe human consumption that describes how you can make a fermentation chamber form a styrofoam cooler. 
 - Try growing a mature piece of SCOBY in other liquids such as **Lorena Trebbi's recipes** using 200 ml (organic) red wine, 200ml water and 40g sugar. Or start a new one with 200 ml raw kombucha tea, 200 ml of organic red wine and 20 g sugar.  
-- Or Lorena's beer version that is said to grow very fast(!) using 300 ml organic craft beer, 300 ml water, 60 g sugar and 60 g white vinegar with a piece of mature SCOBY. 
-- Or try growing it further on 500 ml of dyed water (consider autoclaving it first to sterilize), 50g sugar and 50 ml vinegar. 
+- Or Lorena's **beer version** that is said to grow very fast(!) using 300 ml organic craft beer, 300 ml water, 60 g sugar and 60 g white vinegar with a 5x5 cm piece of mature SCOBY. 
+- Or try growing a piece of SCOBY (5x5cm) further on 500 ml of dyed water (consider autoclaving it first to sterilize), 50g sugar and 50 ml vinegar. 
 
 
 ### Cultural origins of this recipe
 
-[Free text]
+Kombucha is an ancient Chinese fermented drink made of sweetened green or black tea and yeast and bacteria cultures. It is said to have originated in Manchuria (now Northeast China) and was hailed for its curing qualities. It spread across Asia and later also Russia. It was brought to Europe with the expansion of trade routes in the 1900s where it gained popularity (most notably in Germany and Switzerland, as "Kombuchaschwamm" due to alleged health benefits comparable to those of yoghurt. Initially it was brewed by enthousiasts sharing the mother SCOBY or mushroom with a grassroots community of fermentation lovers, both in Europe and the U.S. Commercial enterprises started to pop up from the mid-90s onwards and recently one of the big kombucha brewers KeVita was purchased by PepsiCo for $200 million. 
 
-**Needs further research?**   Yes/No/Not sure
+Using Kombucha SCOBY's as a design material took off most notably after Suzanne Lee's Ted talk "Grow Your Own Clothes" in 2011. And the use of kombucha cellulose as vegan leather has been further developed and shared by many other initiatives like thr34d5, the fashion department of Queensland University of Technology and scientists from The Edge, State Library of Queensland, Australia. 
+
+**Needs further research?**   Not sure
 
-[Notes]
 
 ### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes
 
 - **How to Start Brewing Kombucha Without a SCOBY** by Kathleen Quiring, for Becoming Peculiar, 6 November 2013: [link](http://becomingpeculiar.com/how-to-start-brewing-kombucha-without-a-scoby/)
 - **How to Grow a Kombucha SCOBY from Bottled Komucha** by Carol Lovett, for Ditch the Wheat, n.d. [link](https://ditchthewheat.com/how-to-grow-a-kombucha-scoby-from-bottled-kombucha/)
 - **How to Grow a Kombucha SCOBY** Kristen Michaelis, 2 February 2018:[link](https://www.foodrenegade.com/how-to-grow-a-kombucha-scoby/)
+- **How to Grow a Kombucha SCOBY in just 10-12 days** by Brod and Taylor, n.d. [link](https://brodandtaylor.com/kombucha-scoby/)
 
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+### Known concerns and contestations
 
-Yes/No/Needs further research
+Needs further research
 
-[Describe them here free text]
+Because the SCOBY scan regrow itself infinitely with a bit of water, tea and sugar, and can be composted, it's a relatively uncontroversial material but still requires resources and more importantly, a lot of time. Especially in colder climates it is tempting to use heating to speed up the growth. As a material, it is still very much in development.
 
+Additives and post-treatments to dry and tan the pellicle, like boiled linseed oil and turpentine are not necessarily eco-friendly products. Chemicals are added to boiled linseed oil to make it dry quicker than raw linseed oil for example. There is room for improvement in the area of techniques and compounds to make the pellicles stronger and more durable. 
 
 ### Sustainability tags
 
-- Renewable ingredients: yes/no/needs further research
-- Vegan: yes/no/needs further research
-- Made of by-products or waste:  yes/no/needs further research
-- Biocompostable final product:  yes/no/needs further research
-- Re-use: [free text]
-
-Needs further research?:  Yes/No/Not sure
+- Renewable ingredients: yes
+- Vegan: yes
+- Made of by-products or waste:  yes
+- Biocompostable final product:  yes
+- Re-use: you can continue to use SCOBYs to grow more SCOBY, more kombucha, more is more. 
 
-[Notes]
+Needs further research?:  Not sure
 
 ## Material properties
 
 ### Comparative qualities
 
-[150 words]
+This recipe does not create a usable design material per se, but describes a way to grow a semi-finished product or ingredient. So it is hard to assess what to compare its material qualities against. It is like a thick jelly. 
 
 ### Technical and sensory properties
 
-- **Strength**: fragile/medium/strong/variable
-- **Hardness**: rigid/resilient/flexible/variable
-- **Transparency**: opaque/translucent/transparent/variable
-- **Glossiness**: glossy/matt/satin/variable
-- **Weight**: light/medium/heavy
-- **Structure**: closed/open/variable
-- **Texture**: rough/medium/smooth/variable
-- **Temperature**: cool/medium/warm/variable
-- **Shape memory**: low/medium/high/variable
-- **Odor**: none/moderate/strong/variable
-- **Stickiness**: low/medium/high/variable
-- **Weather resistance:** poor/medium/high/needs further research
-- **Acoustic properties:** absorbing/reflecting/needs further research
-- **Anti-bacterial:** yes/no/needs further research
-- **Non-allergenic:** yes/no/needs further research
-- **Electrical properties:** yes/no/needs further research
-- **Heat resistance:** low/medium/high/needs further research
-- **Water resistance:** low/water resistant/waterproof/needs further research
-- **Chemical resistance:** low/medium/high/needs further research
-- **Scratch resistance:** poor/moderate/high/needs further research
-- **Surface friction:** sliding/medium/braking/variable
-- **Color modifiers:** alkaline/acidic/copper/iron/none 
-
+- **Strength**: fragile
+- **Hardness**: resilient
+- **Transparency**: translucent
+- **Glossiness**: glossy 
+- **Weight**: medium
+- **Structure**: closed
+- **Texture**: smooth
+- **Temperature**: cool
+- **Shape memory**: low
+- **Odor**: strong (acidic smell while growing)
+- **Stickiness**: low
+- **Weather resistance:** N/A
+- **Acoustic properties:** N/A
+- **Anti-bacterial:** antimicrobial effect on some types of microbes, (see Jayabalan et.al. below) 
+- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research
+- **Electrical properties:** needs further research
+- **Heat resistance:** low
+- **Water resistance:** N/A
+- **Chemical resistance:** low
+- **Scratch resistance:** low
+- **Surface friction:** low
+- **Color modifiers:** none 
 
 ## About this entry
 
@@ -226,7 +221,7 @@ By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
 
 ### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
 
-Approx. 3,15 Euros for a yield of initially one, but eventually infinite SCOBYs if kept alive with more sugar and tea or other nutrient. 
+Approx. 6,15 Euros for a yield of initially two, but eventually infinite SCOBYs if kept alive with more sugar and tea or other nutrient. 
 
 ## Copyright information
 
@@ -244,6 +239,14 @@ Techniques for growing kombucha SCOBY are documented widely and considered somet
 - **How to Trim SCOBYS: Kombucha Care** by Kombucha Camp, n.d. [link](https://www.kombuchakamp.com/trim-scobys-kombucha-care)
 - **The NOMA guide to Fermentation** by René Redzepi and David Zilber, Foundations of Flavour 2018. 
 - **Kombucha** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
+- **How to Grow a Kombucha SCOBY in just 10-12 days** by Brod and Taylor, n.d. [link](https://brodandtaylor.com/kombucha-scoby/)
+- **A Review on Kombucha Tea—Microbiology, Composition, Fermentation, Beneficial Effects, Toxicity, and Tea Fungus** by Rasu Jayabalan, Radomir V. Malbaša, Eva S. Lončar, Jasmina S. Vitas, Muthuswamy Sathishkumar, in *Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety*, 21 June 2014: [link](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12073)
+- - **Open Source Kombucha**, by thr34d5. n.d., [link](https://thr34d5.org/2019/08/28/open-source-kombucha/)
+- **Biofabricating Materials** by Cecilia Raspanti for Fabricademy 2019-2020: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/)
+- **Grow your own clothes** TED talk by Suzanne Lee, 2011: [link](https://www.ted.com/talks/suzanne_lee_grow_your_own_clothes?language=en)
+- **Kombucha Fashion** by Cameron Wilson, Peter Musk and Jimmy Eng for the The Edge, State Library of Queensland, n.d. [link](https://wiki.edgeqld.org.au/doku.php?id=workshops:public:kombucha_fashion:start)
+- **QUT reveals how you can make your own leather at home** by The Conversation, republished by SmartCompany, 24 November, 2016: [link](https://www.smartcompany.com.au/startupsmart/advice/startupsmart-growth/startupsmart-innovation/qut-reveals-how-you-can-make-your-own-leather-at-home/)
+- **Kombucha 101: Demystifying the Past Present and Future of the Fermented Tea Drink** by Christina Troitino for Forbes, 1 Feb 2017:[link](https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinatroitino/2017/02/01/kombucha-101-demystifying-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-fermented-tea-drink/)
 
 ### Images of final product
 

docs/projects/final-project.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Anyone dedicated to biofabricating materials and some experience in at least one
 | 12 | Re-used PLA scraps | €0,00 | ![](../images/finalpics-61.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/recycledPLA) |
 | 13 | Alum crystal silk | €2,00 | ![](../images/finalpics-5.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk) |
 | 14| Borax crystals | €2,25 | ![](../images/finalpics-10.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/boraxcrystals) |
-| 15| **Kombucha SCOBY** | €0,00 | ![](../images/)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/kombuchascoby) |
+| 15| Kombucha SCOBY | €6,15 | ![](../images/)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/kombuchascoby) |
 | 16| Kombucha paper | €0,64 | ![](../images/finalpics-14.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/kombuchapaper) |
 | 17 | Flower paper and dye | €0,01 | ![](../images/finalpics-127.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/flowerpaper) |
 | 18 | Overripe mango leather | €0,21 | ![](../images/finalpics-20.jpg)  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/mangoleather) |