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......@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Not sure
###Variations
- Substitute part of the water with a dye
- Substitute part of the water with a (neutral to alkaline) dye. The PH of the cooked agar mixture is about PH 9-10. Making the mixture very acidic changes the structure of the polysaccharide, resulting in a weaker more brittle bioplastic.
- Try or design different molds to create big spatial structures and objects
- Use different fibres as enforcement. Other *natural* fibres may be continuous/discontinuous ([long fibres like yarns](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/alginatenet/), strings or hair. Or they can be short fibres that are chopped like wood chips, [egg shells](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/biolino/), leather leftovers), particles or even braided and woven fibres like the cotton used here. Collagen, cellulose, silks, and chitin are the types found in nature.
- Use a different matrix: biomaterials like beeswax or animal glue for example are thermoformable matrices (the ones you can form with the help of heat). And setting matrixes like bio epoxies, white glue (made of flour), alginate, gelatin and starch-based plastics, mycelium and kombucha.
......@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Sustainability concerns are largely determined by the choice of constituent mate
- Vegan: yes
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes
- Re-use: not sure for a composite, agar by itself can be melted by reheating it with a little water
- Re-use: the plain agar recipe without additional additives can be melted by reheating it (add a splash of water if necessary), reusing a composite depends on the materials used. This composite can be formed and reformed over and over.
Needs further research?: Not sure
......
......@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Not sure
###Variations
- Substitute part of the water with a dye
- Substitute part of the water with a (neutral to alkaline) dye. The PH of the cooked agar mixture is about PH 9-10. Making the mixture very acidic changes the structure of the polysaccharide, resulting in a weaker more brittle bioplastic.
- Add less glycerine for a more rigid, stiff foil
- Add fillers (debris, coffee waste) or fibres to make a composite, see also the [agar composite recipe](./agarcomposite.md)).
......@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ In cooking, agar is known as the vegan and halal alternative to animal-based gel
- Vegan: yes
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes, in 2-4 months
- Re-use: yes, the agar can be melted by reheating it with a little water
- Re-use: yes, the agar can be melted by reheating it (with a little water if necessary)
Needs further research?: Not sure
......
......@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Approx. 300 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat
- Weigh your ingredients for the alginate plastic (alginate, glycerine, water, sunflower oil). Optional: use a diluted natural dye instead of water in the same amount for a colored plastic.
- Put the oil, alginate and glycerine in a blender and add a dash of the water. Blend into a thick and homogenous paste. Then add the rest of the water and blend again (this is to avoid lumps).
- Leave the mixture overnight to allow the bubbles to come to the surface and pop.
- Make the calcium chloride solution by dissolving 10 gr in 100 gr hot water. Put some in a spray bottle and store the rest in a jar: this is your calcium chloride bath.
- Make the calcium chloride solution by dissolving 30 gr in 300 gr hot water. Put some in a spray bottle and store the rest in a jar: this is your calcium chloride bath.
1. **Extruding**
- prepare the work space by putting out your calcium chloride bath and spray, an empty jar to wrap the string around, a syringe and your alginate mixture.
......
......@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
##GENERAL INFORMATION
Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*. Alum crystals are clear and faceted with great definition so they are often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways.
Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *crystallization*. Alum crystals are clear and faceted with great definition so they are often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways.
**Physical form**
......@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day
###Ingredients
* **Alum powder (also: potassium aluminium sulfate, potash alum, or - 125 g** (plus some more just in case)
* **Alum powder - 125 g** (potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate), plus some more just in case
* we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals.
* **Water - 400 ml/gr**
* To dissolve the alum powder and reorganize into a crystal
......@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Unlike diamonds, borax and alum crystals can be regrown into different constella
- Renewable ingredients: no
- Vegan: yes
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes
- Biocompostable final product: no
- Reuse: yes, dissolve and regrow in hot water
Needs further research?: yes, local producers seem reluctant to share sourcing information about these products. It is unclear where it comes from, whether it is natural or synthetic and what kind of mining practices are involved.
......
......@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
* **banana peels - 7 pcs** stems chopped off, you can dry them while collectinga batch. Once boiled they get sticky. The starch is the polymer, the fibres give strength to the material.
* **white vinegar - 50 ml**
* **1 tbsp soda ash** - to rinse and break down the banana peel
* **1 tbsp soda ash** (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), to rinse and break down the banana peel
* **white vinegar (part two) - 30 ml**
* **glycerine - 15 gr** plasticizer (to make it more flexible)
......
......@@ -176,10 +176,10 @@ Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: no
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes
- Biocompostable final product: yes, but only professionally (home composting of animal-based materials is not allowed in the EU)
- Re-use: melt with heat and a splash of water, and recast
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream.
Needs further research?: not sure
......
......@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plasti
**Needs further research?** Not sure
### References this recipe draws from
###Key sources
- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3)
......@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@ Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: no
- Made of by-products or waste: partially (only the egg shell filler)
- Biocompostable final product: yes
- Biocompostable final product: yes, but only professionally (home composting of animal-based materials is not allowed in the EU)
- Reuse: needs further research
Needs further research?: can this be remelted and reused?
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water (but plastics with additives and fillers might not be reusable). Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water (but plastics with additives and fillers might not be reusable). Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream.
##PROPERTIES
......
......@@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: no
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes
- Biocompostable final product: yes, but only professionally (home composting of animal-based materials is not allowed in the EU)
- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting
Needs further research?: not sure
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Do not recycle them with PET plastics, it contaminates the waste stream.
##PROPERTIES
......