diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md index cc2044c28683fb74c33f67dea448962e7739cb28..42313c75d79188bafd5da87300feb3254e847c5c 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md @@ -2,220 +2,213 @@ ### Tactility & sound impression -<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gNOtGunJc2A" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rLxWe9VTEqc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Description -A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. +A light composite of textile and agar foil. ### Physical form -Solids +Solids -Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. +Color without additives: color of the textile used ### Fabrication time Preparation time: 1 Hour -Processing time: 5-10 days +Processing time: 7 days -Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of airflow. +Need attention: N/A, let dry in place with lots of airflow Final form achieved after: 10 days ## Ingredients -* **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** - * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) -* **Glycerine - 16 gr** - * Functions as plasticizer that bonds with the gelatine (makes it flexible). -* **Water - 480 ml/gr** - * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer +* **Agar - 5 g** + * Polymer (makes it hard) +* **Glycerine - 15 g** + * Plasticizer +* **Water - 250 ml/g** + * Solvent, to dissolve and heat the agar +* **A piece of textile** large enough to fit over the mold +* **A mold** for example a bowl, or other 2.5D or 3D surface ## Tools -1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) -1. **Pot** +1. **Spoon** 1. **Scale** -1. **Moulds** (ideally with removeable base to increase airflow). I have modular silicon walls with metal wire inside them that allow me to cast and then turn the moulds on their side for more airflow and drying from top and bottom. I use a silicon or acrylic sheet with these mould walls. -1. **Spoon** +1. **Bowls** to weigh ingredients +1. **Cooker** (ideally temperature controlled) +1. **Thermometer (optional)** if you don't have a temperature controlled cooker +1. **Small molds - 2x** such as two glass bowls of about 8 cm diameter (or equivalent) that slide into one another. ## Yield before processing/drying/curing -Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) +Approx. 200 ml this is enough to make a small 15x15cm composite and the agar foil found in this [recipe](../recipes/agarfoil.md) ## Method 1. **Preparation** - - Weigh your ingredients - - Prepare the mold and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. + - Prepare the casting surface and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. 1. **Mixing and dissolving the ingredients** - bring the water to the boil - - optional: add natural dye if you wish to use color + - optional: substitute part of the water with natural dye if you wish to use color - add the glycerine - - add the gelatine - - keep the temperature below 80 degrees celcius while stirring *very very slowly and gently* to avoid making bubbles. I prefer a simple spoon to do this, not a whisk. + - add the agar + - bring the mixture to the boil while stirring gently, to dissolve the agar. 1. **Cooking the ingredients** - - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for at least 20 minutes or up to an hour. Turn it lower when bubbles appear: you don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. This sample has some bubbles due to vigorous mixing. - - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker liquid. To cast larger volumes and solids with this recipe, evaporate a lot of water, until it's very thick. + - when the agar is dissolve completely, lower the temperature to 60-80 degrees (make sure it doesn't bubble), and let it simmer and evaporate water for 40 mins while stirring slowly and continuously. + - the agar should have the consistency of a light syrup, you should be able to leave a "trace" with you trace your spoon across the pot. + - If your mixture is thicker it will spread slowly resulting in a thicker foil, if it's more liquid, it will spread wider, resulting in a thinner foil. -1. **Casting** - - - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid and pourable. - - Cast into the mould slowly to avoid bubbles - - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. - - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. - - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. - - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. +1. **Casting and molding** + - Dip the textile(s) into the hot liquid + - Take it out and position on the mold, press it down with the second bowl. + - After an hour, take off the second bowl and let the composite airdry on top of the mold + ### Drying/curing/growth process -- Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) -- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % -- Shrinkage width/length: 20-30 % +Allow the foil to dry for a week for best results (or 3 days minimum). + +- Mold diameter: 8 cm +- Shrinkage thickness 0-10 % +- Shrinkage width/length 0-10 % **Shrinkage and deformation control** -Letting it dry up to ten days to get to the final form. It will be flexible at first but will slowly harden until its totally rigid. +When used in a composite with textile fibres, the foil shrinks a lot less. The fibers prevent the shrinking. **Curing agents and release agents** -None. +None **Minimum wait time before releasing from mold** -Using a silicon mold: 7 days (or until it comes undone) +3 days **Post-processing** -Store in a dry and ventilated room. +N/A **Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** -Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be challenging. Fillers like debris or egg shells can help. More research can be done on ideal conditions for drying larger volumes. - -The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. - +Not sure ### Process - -*Evaporating water until the liquid is thick like honey, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Preparing molds for small half domes (egg cups), and a big slab (silicon mould and separate base), Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Casting the resin (I had to put a weight on top to press the mold into the base and prevent leakage, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Dissolving the agar while stirring, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Making a trace with the spoon, consistency of syrup, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*The composite inside the "two-piece" mold of the two glass bowls, Loes Bogers, 2020* ## Variations on this recipe -- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) -- Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil -- **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. -- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. +- Substitute part of the water with a dye +- Try different molds and textiles +- Design your own mold ### Cultural origins of this recipe -Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. +[Free text] -**Needs further research?** Not sure +**Needs further research?** Yes/No/Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +[Notes] -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes -### Known concerns and contestations\* +This is an adaptation of **Flexible bio-foil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). A longer cooking time is recommended to create a thicker foil. -Needs further research +### Known concerns and contestations\* -Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. +Yes/No/Needs further research -Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. +[Describe them here free text] -Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. ### Sustainability tags - Renewable ingredients: yes -- Vegan: no -- Made of by-products or waste: no +- Vegan: yes +- Made of by-products or waste: no - Biocompostable final product: yes -- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting +- Re-use: not sure -Needs further research?: not sure +Needs further research?: Not sure -Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. +Do not recycle in PET-plastics waste streams to avoid contaminating it. ## Material properties ### Comparative qualities -This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. + +The composite feels less flexible and rubbery than the agar foil. It makes a crackling sound like paper. ### Technical and sensory properties -- **Strength**: strong -- **Hardness**: rigid -- **Transparency**: transparent -- **Glossiness**: matt -- **Weight**: heavy -- **Structure**: closed +- **Strength**: medium +- **Hardness**: resilient +- **Transparency**: opaque +- **Glossiness**: matte +- **Weight**: light +- **Structure**: variable - **Texture**: medium - **Temperature**: medium - **Shape memory**: high -- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production +- **Odor**: none - **Stickiness**: low -- **Weather resistance:** low +- **Weather resistance:** needs further research - **Acoustic properties:** needs further research - **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research -- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research +- **Non-allergenic:** nneeds further research - **Electrical properties:** needs further research -- **Heat resistance:** low +- **Heat resistance:** medium - **Water resistance:** water resistant - **Chemical resistance:** needs further research -- **Scratch resistance:** moderate +- **Scratch resistance:** high - **Surface friction:** medium -- **Color modifiers:** none - +- **PH modifiers:** none ## About this entry -### Maker(s) of this sample +### Maker of this sample - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam -- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands -- Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 +- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands +- Date: 16-03-2020 – 24-03-2020 ### Environmental conditions +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 ### Recipe validation -Has recipe been validated? Yes +Has recipe been validated? + +Yes By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 ### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency -2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml +0,50 Euros, for a yield of approx. 200 ml (enough to make a small composite and a sheet, or larger or multiple composites) ### Local supplier/sourcing info -Gelatin powder - Jacob Hooy (online retailers) -Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) -Molds - Houseware stores, thrift shops +- Agar - asian super market or eco super market, online retailers +- Glycerine - online retailers ## Copyright information @@ -225,20 +218,17 @@ Yes ### This recipe was previously published by someone else -Yes, in: **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +Yes, this is an adaptation of **Flexible bio-foil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). ##References -- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - -## Images of final product +- **[Title of publication 1]** by [First + Last Name Author]\([Affiliation/Institution]\), [Publication name or channel], [YYYY], [link](put URL here). -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* +ADD MORE HERE -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* +## Images of final product +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md b/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md index 07949cea14b059cdd4983e1d068b60daf93ae419..1005865a844388d66be15eb2cc61973be877eb80 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md @@ -2,220 +2,211 @@ ### Tactility & sound impression -<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gNOtGunJc2A" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0T2z2sMUh3Y" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Description -A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. +A vegan flexible, transparent foil that can resist water and moderate heat quite well without transforming. ### Physical form -Solids +Surfaces -Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. +Color without additives: transparent, slightly yellow/beige when folded ### Fabrication time Preparation time: 1 Hour -Processing time: 5-10 days +Processing time: 7 days -Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of airflow. +Need attention: N/A, let dry in place with lots of airflow Final form achieved after: 10 days ## Ingredients -* **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** - * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) -* **Glycerine - 16 gr** - * Functions as plasticizer that bonds with the gelatine (makes it flexible). -* **Water - 480 ml/gr** - * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer +* **Agar - 5 g** + * Polymer (makes it hard) +* **Glycerine - 15 g** + * Plasticizer +* **Water - 250 ml/g** + * Solvent, to dissolve and heat the agar ## Tools -1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) -1. **Pot** +1. **Spoon** 1. **Scale** -1. **Moulds** (ideally with removeable base to increase airflow). I have modular silicon walls with metal wire inside them that allow me to cast and then turn the moulds on their side for more airflow and drying from top and bottom. I use a silicon or acrylic sheet with these mould walls. -1. **Spoon** +1. **Bowls** to weigh ingredients +1. **Cooker** (ideally temperature controlled) +1. **Thermometer (optional)** if you don't have a temperature controlled cooker +1. **Mold** of about 20 cm diameter (or equivalent). Optional: you can also cast on a surface like an acrylic sheet but your sheet will be thinner ## Yield before processing/drying/curing -Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) +Approx. 200 ml ## Method 1. **Preparation** - Weigh your ingredients - - Prepare the mold and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. + - Prepare the casting surface and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. 1. **Mixing and dissolving the ingredients** - bring the water to the boil - - optional: add natural dye if you wish to use color + - optional: substitute part of the water with natural dye if you wish to use color - add the glycerine - - add the gelatine - - keep the temperature below 80 degrees celcius while stirring *very very slowly and gently* to avoid making bubbles. I prefer a simple spoon to do this, not a whisk. + - add the agar + - bring the mixture to the boil while stirring gently, to dissolve the agar. 1. **Cooking the ingredients** - - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for at least 20 minutes or up to an hour. Turn it lower when bubbles appear: you don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. This sample has some bubbles due to vigorous mixing. - - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker liquid. To cast larger volumes and solids with this recipe, evaporate a lot of water, until it's very thick. + - when the agar is dissolve completely, lower the temperature to 60-80 degrees (make sure it doesn't bubble), and let it simmer and evaporate water for 40 mins while stirring slowly and continuously. + - the agar should have the consistency of a light syrup, you should be able to leave a "trace" with you trace your spoon across the pot. + - If your mixture is thicker it will spread slowly resulting in a thicker foil, if it's more liquid, it will spread wider, resulting in a thinner foil. 1. **Casting** - - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid and pourable. - - Cast into the mould slowly to avoid bubbles - - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. - - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. - - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. - - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. - + - Cast onto the surface + - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself, it cures quickly if it is thick. + ### Drying/curing/growth process -- Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) -- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % -- Shrinkage width/length: 20-30 % +Allow the foil to dry for a week for best results (or 3 days minimum). If you don't peel it off the surface it will shrink much less in width/length. + +- Mold depth: 1.5-2.5 mm +- Shrinkage thickness 30-50 % +- Shrinkage width/length 10-20 % **Shrinkage and deformation control** -Letting it dry up to ten days to get to the final form. It will be flexible at first but will slowly harden until its totally rigid. +Agar foil shrinks quite a lot, especially in thickness. The amount depends on the amount of water that has been evaporated/cooking time. **Curing agents and release agents** -None. +None **Minimum wait time before releasing from mold** -Using a silicon mold: 7 days (or until it comes undone) +3 days **Post-processing** -Store in a dry and ventilated room. +None, store dry and flat. **Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** -Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be challenging. Fillers like debris or egg shells can help. More research can be done on ideal conditions for drying larger volumes. - -The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. - +Not sure ### Process - -*Evaporating water until the liquid is thick like honey, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Preparing molds for small half domes (egg cups), and a big slab (silicon mould and separate base), Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Casting the resin (I had to put a weight on top to press the mold into the base and prevent leakage, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Dissolving the agar while stirring, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Making a trace with the spoon, consistency of syrup, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Casted the sheet into a mold, about 2-3 mm filled* ## Variations on this recipe -- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) -- Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil -- **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. -- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. +- Substitute part of the water with a dye +- Add less glycerine for a more rigid, stiff foil +- Add fillers (debris, coffee waste) or fibres to make a composite, see also the [agar composite recipe](./agarcomposite.md)). ### Cultural origins of this recipe -Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. +[Free text] -**Needs further research?** Not sure +**Needs further research?** Yes/No/Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +[Notes] -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes -### Known concerns and contestations\* +This is an adaptation of **Flexible bio-foil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). A longer cooking time is recommended to create a thicker foil. -Needs further research +### Known concerns and contestations\* -Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. +Yes/No/Needs further research -Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. +[Describe them here free text] -Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. ### Sustainability tags - Renewable ingredients: yes -- Vegan: no -- Made of by-products or waste: no +- Vegan: yes +- Made of by-products or waste: no - Biocompostable final product: yes -- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting +- Re-use: not sure -Needs further research?: not sure +Needs further research?: Not sure -Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. +Do not recycle in PET-plastics waste streams to avoid contaminating it. ## Material properties ### Comparative qualities -This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. + +This foil feels rubbery and flexible, and remains a bit sticky (more than e.g. the alginate and gelatine-based foil). It's not as sticky as cling film or cellophane, it's more comparable to a transparent PVC foil for example. ### Technical and sensory properties -- **Strength**: strong -- **Hardness**: rigid +- **Strength**: medium +- **Hardness**: flexible - **Transparency**: transparent -- **Glossiness**: matt -- **Weight**: heavy +- **Glossiness**: glossy +- **Weight**: medium - **Structure**: closed -- **Texture**: medium -- **Temperature**: medium -- **Shape memory**: high -- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production -- **Stickiness**: low -- **Weather resistance:** low +- **Texture**: smooth +- **Temperature**: cool +- **Shape memory**: low +- **Odor**: none +- **Stickiness**: high +- **Weather resistance:** needs further research - **Acoustic properties:** needs further research - **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research -- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research +- **Non-allergenic:** nneeds further research - **Electrical properties:** needs further research -- **Heat resistance:** low +- **Heat resistance:** medium - **Water resistance:** water resistant - **Chemical resistance:** needs further research -- **Scratch resistance:** moderate -- **Surface friction:** medium -- **Color modifiers:** none - +- **Scratch resistance:** poor +- **Surface friction:** braking +- **PH modifiers:** none ## About this entry -### Maker(s) of this sample +### Maker of this sample - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam -- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands -- Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 +- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands +- Date: 16-03-2020 – 24-03-2020 ### Environmental conditions +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 ### Recipe validation -Has recipe been validated? Yes +Has recipe been validated? + +Yes By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 ### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency -2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml +0,50 Euros, for a yield of approx. 200 ml ### Local supplier/sourcing info -Gelatin powder - Jacob Hooy (online retailers) -Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) -Molds - Houseware stores, thrift shops +- Agar - asian super market or eco super market, online retailers +- Glycerine - online retailers ## Copyright information @@ -225,20 +216,17 @@ Yes ### This recipe was previously published by someone else -Yes, in: **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +Yes, this is an adaptation of **Flexible bio-foil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). ##References -- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +- **[Title of publication 1]** by [First + Last Name Author]\([Affiliation/Institution]\), [Publication name or channel], [YYYY], [link](put URL here). -## Images of final product - -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* +ADD MORE HERE -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* +## Images of final product +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Agar foil, Loes Bogers, 2020* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md index 7d9a1f079b83ca4886c8d68ac59b0483e86aaaff..2454eabfeebbbcc6c4d8fac1d3d519b4a944ef45 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md @@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ Not sure *The calcium chloride solution in a spray bottle, Loes Bogers, 2020* - *alginate casted onto acrylic sheet, first few minutes of curing, Loes Bogers, 2020* ## Variations on this recipe @@ -206,6 +205,8 @@ By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 - Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) - Calcium chloride - online retailers - Acrylic sheets - hardware stores and online retailers +- Sunflower oil - super market + ## Copyright information diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md index 5bb754b3b3a5b0b785abc51e8b4f79f40acc8ebf..8174698ed2a12d1378ecd8cfff9c626b6dfb9baf 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md @@ -218,10 +218,11 @@ By Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy Student Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 26 March 2 ### Local supplier/sourcing info -Sodium Alginate powder - Unique Products Schuurman (online retailers, wholesale food stores like Sligro) -Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) -Calcium chloride - -Circular loom - Craft shops +- Sodium Alginate powder - Unique Products Schuurman (online retailers, wholesale food stores like Sligro) +- Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) +- Calcium chloride - online suppliers +- Sunflower oil - super market +- Circular loom - Craft shops ## Copyright information diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md index 14477b9f318d55f5bbe49201eca1c9ff095c9e30..9aa26ca4ab9a4c5c98d3d9b527e25fb055fc14d4 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md @@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ Approx. 300 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat - prepare the work space by putting out your calcium chloride bath and spray, an empty jar to wrap the string around, a syringe and your alginate mixture. - fill the syringe with about 50 ml alginate plastic - extrude the alginate plastic into the calcium chloride bath, try to extrude continuously and uninterupted to created an even, long string. Repeat this process to make more strings. + +1. **Curing & drying** - leave the string in the bath for a few minutes and then rinse in some tap water. - the strings will be a bit curly at this stage. Wrap them around a jar to create a spool and stretch them out a little. - keep an eye on them the first day, the stretch might break the film on some points. Spray some extra calcium chloride to close the leaks. @@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ Approx. 300 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat ### Drying/curing/growth process -- Mold depth: N/A +- Syringe diameter: 2-5 mm - Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % - Shrinkage width/length: N/A @@ -215,10 +217,11 @@ By Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy student at Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 30 Marc ### Local supplier/sourcing info -Sodium Alginate powder - Unique Products Schuurman (online retailers, wholesale food stores like Sligro) -Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) -Calcium chloride - -Circular loom - Craft shops +- Sodium Alginate powder - Unique Products Schuurman (online retailers, wholesale food stores like Sligro) +- Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) +- Sunflower oil - super market +- Calcium chloride - online suppliers +- Syringe - online suppliers ## Copyright information diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md index 217b99056f522c1e535ba4d3da3a51f00addce14..04a6fd85df3c2678be1b4aacfc4a7c264052571a 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some wa ### Comparative qualities -This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the plastic table cloths some people may have on their kitchen table to protect the woord from staining. I would describe it more like a protective plastic than a packaging material for example. +This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the PVC table cloths some people may have on their kitchen table to protect the woord from staining (also used for PVC clothing of course). I would describe it more like a protective plastic than a packaging material for example. ### Technical and sensory properties diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md index 673061a27a2da002e3d969ddca4a43f3b31b8cea..6c5f101630be6d55cdacde192d2a0f110a4f844b 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md @@ -1,12 +1,9 @@ # [RECIPE NAME (max 4 words)] -### Images of final product - -*Caption, Image credit, Year* -*Caption, Image credit, Year* +### Tactility & sound impression -*Caption, Image credit, Year* +[youtube embed here] ### Description @@ -177,9 +174,6 @@ Needs further research?: Yes/No/Not sure - **Surface friction:** sliding/medium/braking/variable - **Color modifiers:** alkaline/acidic/copper/iron/none -### Tactility & sound impression - -[youtube embed here] ## About this entry @@ -239,3 +233,10 @@ If no, please state that you agree to publish this recipe under a Creative Commo - **[Title of publication 1]** by [First + Last Name Author]\([Affiliation/Institution]\), [Publication name or channel], [YYYY], [link](put URL here). +### Images of final product + +*Caption, Image credit, Year* + +*Caption, Image credit, Year* + +*Caption, Image credit, Year* diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/recycledPLA.md b/docs/files/recipes/recycledPLA.md index 0dc6d39998a1e29c716df80dc93b5b5e0c542f62..4b31787f369749693bfa9a32734b4749edaca3fc 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/recycledPLA.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/recycledPLA.md @@ -1,221 +1,224 @@ # RE-USED PLA SCRAPS + ### Tactility & sound impression -<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gNOtGunJc2A" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xlE57wnyWHw" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> + +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jmmE_9pNVwA" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> + +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5LEAyJeNhrM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Description -A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. +Melted PLA (poly lactic acid based on cornstarch that is often used as 3D print filament) has a beautiful glossy shine (if not pressed), it is strong, waterproof and very heat resistant: it maintains the same properties as before. ### Physical form -Solids +Surfaces -Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. +Color without additives: very glossy, color of filament scraps used ### Fabrication time Preparation time: 1 Hour -Processing time: 5-10 days +Processing time: none -Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of airflow. +Need attention: N/A -Final form achieved after: 10 days +Final form achieved after: 15 minutes ## Ingredients -* **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** - * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) -* **Glycerine - 16 gr** - * Functions as plasticizer that bonds with the gelatine (makes it flexible). -* **Water - 480 ml/gr** - * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer +* **PLA scraps - at least 20 grams** from the 3D printer (rafts, brims, skirts). + +This is the material, you will use it to thermoform it in the oven. PLA is quite tough so unless you have a strong shredder it is best to use the small scraps from early failed prints (just the brims and skirts of the print) that you can easily break and cut with scissors. + +You can sort them by color, or mix them up. Just make sure it's only PLA, not a mix of ABS or other types of filament. ## Tools -1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) -1. **Pot** -1. **Scale** -1. **Moulds** (ideally with removeable base to increase airflow). I have modular silicon walls with metal wire inside them that allow me to cast and then turn the moulds on their side for more airflow and drying from top and bottom. I use a silicon or acrylic sheet with these mould walls. -1. **Spoon** +1. **Scissors** +1. **A big transparent plastic bag** +1. **An oven** +1. **A baking tray** +1. **Baking paper** +1. **Oven mitts** or heat resistant gloves +1. Optional: a small sheet of glass for pressing (e.g. from a picture frame) +1. Optional: a bottom-less mold or flexible silicon mold +1. Optional: plyers to cut thicker PLA filament +1. Optional: a hammer to crush thicker parts into smaller bits ## Yield before processing/drying/curing -Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) +The same weight as the amount of scraps used. It will shrink in volume significantly! 20 grams will give you about a thin solid 10x10 sheet. ## Method 1. **Preparation** - - Weigh your ingredients - - Prepare the mold and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. - -1. **Mixing and dissolving the ingredients** - - bring the water to the boil - - optional: add natural dye if you wish to use color - - add the glycerine - - add the gelatine - - keep the temperature below 80 degrees celcius while stirring *very very slowly and gently* to avoid making bubbles. I prefer a simple spoon to do this, not a whisk. + - Break and cut the PLA scraps into small pieces with scissors. + - If you have bigger pieces of filament that has not been extruded (this is quite thick, see pictures below), you can cut it with plyers, or just leave them as is and melt them into lines onto textile for example. You can also try hitting big parts with a hammer to make them smaller (put them inside a bag again for safety) + - You can do that in a big plastic bag to prevent the pieces from flying away when you are cutting. -1. **Cooking the ingredients** +1. **Reshaping the PLA** - - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for at least 20 minutes or up to an hour. Turn it lower when bubbles appear: you don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. This sample has some bubbles due to vigorous mixing. - - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker liquid. To cast larger volumes and solids with this recipe, evaporate a lot of water, until it's very thick. - -1. **Casting** + - Pre-heat the oven to 220 degrees Celius + - Cover your baking tray with baking paper and place the bottom less mold (if you are using one) + - Distribute the scraps evenly and put the piece of glass on the tray as well so it can be heated up in the oven. Not heating the glass will cause it to break when you then use it to press the hot PLA. + - Place the tray in the oven and let them melt for about 20 minutes - - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid and pourable. - - Cast into the mould slowly to avoid bubbles - - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. - - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. - - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. - - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. +1. **Pressing or forming the PLA** + - Take the melted PLA out of the oven and immediately press it down with the hot glass, or leave it as is. It's probably wise to put baking paper between the glass and the PLA to prevent sticking. It's hot so wear oven mitts! + - There's some chance involved in this process but the results are look nice and organic. + - If you don't like it re-melt the PLA and try again. ### Drying/curing/growth process -- Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) -- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % -- Shrinkage width/length: 20-30 % +Just melting, no drying or curing involved. It does not shrink so much, but the volume is reduced significantly by melting. **Shrinkage and deformation control** -Letting it dry up to ten days to get to the final form. It will be flexible at first but will slowly harden until its totally rigid. +N/A **Curing agents and release agents** -None. +Baking paper to help release the PLA. Using a bottom-less mold or flexible (e.g. silicon) mold is essential. **Minimum wait time before releasing from mold** -Using a silicon mold: 7 days (or until it comes undone) +15 mins **Post-processing** -Store in a dry and ventilated room. +N/A **Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** -Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be challenging. Fillers like debris or egg shells can help. More research can be done on ideal conditions for drying larger volumes. - -The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. +Yes +More experimentation could be done in terms of forming the melted PLA. The challenge here is that this has to happen while it's hot. ### Process +*Cutting up PLA scraps (rafts, brims and skirts from (failed) prints, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Evaporating water until the liquid is thick like honey, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Cutting them inside a transparent bag to prevent pieces flying everywhere, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Preparing molds for small half domes (egg cups), and a big slab (silicon mould and separate base), Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Placing some scraps inside a bottom-less mold, glass sheet goes in the oven with it, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Casting the resin (I had to put a weight on top to press the mold into the base and prevent leakage, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Pressing the melted PLA with the hot glass, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Melting filament in one piece, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Some results, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Filling another mold with cut-up - mostly- transparent scraps, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*The melted transparent scraps, Loes Bogers, 2020* ## Variations on this recipe -- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) -- Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil -- **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. -- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. +- Try creating an improvised heatpress to make even flat sheets +- Layer up the scraps and make a design in stages +- Alternate PLA and pieces of textile to create textile structures -### Cultural origins of this recipe +The process of recycling PLA filament waste is well researched and can be upscaled to DIY semi-industral processes. The Dutch design agency Precious Plastic provides open-source designs for shredding, extrusion, and sheetmaking machines for recycled plastics such as PLA. -Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. +### Cultural origins of this recipe -**Needs further research?** Not sure +[Free text] -### References this recipe draws from +**Needs further research?** Yes/No/Not sure -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +[Notes] -### Known concerns and contestations\* +### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes -Needs further research +**Failed Print Recycling Revisited: Guitar Picks, Earrings, and More**, by Devin Montes on his MakeAnything Youtube channel, 28 April 2017: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42c8go9A7HQ -Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. +### Known concerns and contestations -Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. +Needs further research -Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. +Although this is not a compostable bioplastic (it is biodegradable but requires special processes to do so, and involves quite some energy). It has been suggested that recycling Poly Lactic Acid plastics (PLA) is a better end-of-cycle alternative than combusting/composting in this case. ### Sustainability tags -- Renewable ingredients: yes -- Vegan: no -- Made of by-products or waste: no -- Biocompostable final product: yes -- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting +- Renewable ingredients: yes (cornstarch) +- Vegan: yes +- Made of by-products or waste: yes +- Biocompostable final product: no +- Re-use: yes, it can be re-melted endlessly as long as the PLA is not combined with other materials in a composite. -Needs further research?: not sure +Needs further research?: Not sure -Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. +Recycling PLA with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. ## Material properties ### Comparative qualities -This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. + +These sheets and rosters are strong and light and more dense than most PLA prints (because usually a partial honeycomb in-fill is used to create 3D shapes with a printer, it is usually not solid PLA). It's very glossy, like polycarbonate, acrylic sheets, or shiny PVC clothing. ### Technical and sensory properties - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: rigid -- **Transparency**: transparent -- **Glossiness**: matt -- **Weight**: heavy -- **Structure**: closed -- **Texture**: medium -- **Temperature**: medium +- **Transparency**: variable +- **Glossiness**: glossy +- **Weight**: medium +- **Structure**: variable +- **Texture**: smooth +- **Temperature**: cold - **Shape memory**: high -- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production +- **Odor**: none - **Stickiness**: low -- **Weather resistance:** low +- **Weather resistance:** needs further research - **Acoustic properties:** needs further research - **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research - **Non-allergenic:** needs further research -- **Electrical properties:** needs further research -- **Heat resistance:** low -- **Water resistance:** water resistant +- **Electrical properties:** no +- **Heat resistance:** high +- **Water resistance:** waterproof - **Chemical resistance:** needs further research -- **Scratch resistance:** moderate -- **Surface friction:** medium -- **Color modifiers:** none +- **Scratch resistance:** high +- **Surface friction:** sliding +- **PH modifiers:** none ## About this entry -### Maker(s) of this sample +### Maker of this sample - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands -- Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 +- Date: 15-03-2020 ### Environmental conditions +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 ### Recipe validation -Has recipe been validated? Yes +Has recipe been validated? -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +Not yet. ### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency -2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml +0,00 euros (try to get scraps for free from local fablabs/printshops) ### Local supplier/sourcing info -Gelatin powder - Jacob Hooy (online retailers) -Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) -Molds - Houseware stores, thrift shops +Locate a local waste stream that is willing to separate PLA scraps from other types of filament for you. ## Copyright information @@ -225,20 +228,20 @@ Yes ### This recipe was previously published by someone else -Yes, in: **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +This is an adaptation of many similar techniques that have been shared openly, such as (for example) the one by Devin Montes listed below. ##References -- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +**Failed Print Recycling Revisited: Guitar Picks, Earrings, and More**, by Devin Montes on his *MakeAnything* Youtube channel, 28 April 2017, [link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42c8go9A7HQ) -## Images of final product +**Poly (Lactic Acid) Generated for Advanced Materials** by Pranut Potiyaraj, in: Kobayashi, Takaomi, ed. *Applied environmental materials science for sustainability*. IgI Global, 2016: pp. 106-126. -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* +**Precious Plastic Universe**, originally started by Dave Hakkens, then soon joined by many others, 2012 onwards, [link](https://preciousplastic.com/solutions/machines/overview.html) -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* +### Images of final product -*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Transparent remelted PLA scraps, Loes Bogers, 2019* +*Transparent remelted PLA scraps, Loes Bogers, 2019* +*Transparent remelted PLA scraps, Loes Bogers, 2019* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/testing.md b/docs/files/recipes/testing.md index 0cd31175d37674b10d07365e582b6c236c228579..c8b51b1285ebacf245a9fc3aeb97b3f98242f6d3 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/testing.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/testing.md @@ -1,24 +1,26 @@ #Heat and water test -##Heat test 1: 50 - 90 degrees celcius +##Heat test 1: 50 - 110 degrees celcius I put them in the oven at the lowest setting of 50 centigrade for 10 mins, then for 45 mins. Then I turned the oven up to 70 degrees and again checked after 10 and 45 mins. -| Sample | 50 C for 10 mins | 50 C for 45 mins | 70 C for 10 mins | 70 C for 45 mins | 90 C for 10 mins | 90 C for 45 mins | -|-----|------------|---------|--------------|--------|---|---| -| Alginate foil | - | - | more brittle | no change | no change -| Alginate composite | curls | no change | no change | no change | no change -| Agar foil | curls | - | slightly brittle | no change | no change -| Madder copper dye | - | - | - |no change | no change -| Kombucha paper | - | wax softened | no change |no change | very brittle, breaks upon touching -| Biosilicone | melted | no change | no change |no change | no change -| Biofoam | softens | wrinkles, slightly harder skin | softer inside, harder skin, wrinkles |no change | no change -| Bioresin | softens | no change | no change |no change | no change -| Starch rubber | - | more brittle | softened|no change | dries, softens, edges get brittle -| Agar composite | - | - | - |no change | no change -| Mango leather | softens | no change | no change (beeswax slightly sticky) |no change | beeswax melts, very sticky -| Biolinoleum | softens | no change | no change |no change | no change -| **Other samples here!!!!** +| Sample | 50 C for 10 mins | 50 C for 45 mins | 70 C for 10 mins | 70 C for 45 mins | 90 C for 10 mins | 90 C for 45 mins | 110 C for 10 mins | | +|-----|------------|---------|--------------|--------|---|---|---|---| +| Alginate foil | - | - | more brittle | no change | no change | curls | turning yellow | more yellow, brittle, curled +| Alginate composite | curls | no change | no change | no change | no change | no change | no change | no change +| Agar foil | curls | - | slightly brittle | no change | no change | no change | no change | no change +| Madder copper dye | - | - | - |no change | no change | no change | no change | no change +| Kombucha paper | - | wax softened | no change |no change | very brittle, breaks upon touching | X | X | X +| Biosilicone | melted | no change | no change | bubbles appear | no change | no change | no change | turns brown, bubbles have set +| Biofoam | softens | wrinkles, slightly harder skin | softer inside, harder skin, wrinkles |no change | no change | no change | expands | shrinks and turns hard upon cooling +| Bioresin | softens | no change | no change |no change | no change | gets brittle | softens | no change +| Starch rubber | - | more brittle | softened|no change | dries, softens, edges get brittle | gets dry and brittle edges | no change | expands, turns darker, more brittle, cracks upon bending +| Agar composite | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +| Mango leather | softens | no change | no change (beeswax slightly sticky) |no change | beeswax melts, very sticky | no change | stickier, softer | turned dark, brittle, breaks easily +| Biolinoleum | softens | no change | no change |no change | no change | no change | softer | hardens again upon cooling, no change +| Fish leather | - | curls up | no change | no change | shrinks, gets soft and flexible | no change| no change, stays flexible after cooling! | +|Borax crystal| | | turns into opaque white | | +|Alum crystal | | | turns into opaque white | | ##Water test 1: water resistant (spraying) @@ -57,4 +59,8 @@ I submerged the samples in water at room temperature. | Starch rubber | softens, like wet gouda cheese | no change | no change | | Agar composite | - | - | - | | Mango leather | softens and gets a little slimy | falls apart | X| X|X -| Biolinoleum | softens a little| soft and flexible | thickens, softens | \ No newline at end of file +| Biolinoleum | softens a little| soft and flexible | thickens, softens | +| Fish leather | expands, gets soft and somewhat flexible | | breaks when stretched | +| Borax crystal| - | - | - | +| Alum crystal | | starts to dissolve | | completely dissoved +| Alginate string | - | absorbs water, becomes flexible | more flexible | \ No newline at end of file diff --git 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[Recipe](../../files/recipes/alginatefoil) | -| 17 | Alginate string | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alginatestring) | -| 13 | Agar foil | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/agarfoil) | -| 14 | Agar composite | €0,57 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/agarcomposite) | -| 16 | Re-used PLA scraps | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/recycledPLA) | -| 9 | Alum crystal silk | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk) | -| 10| Borax crystals | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/boraxcrystals) | -| 11| Kombucha paper | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/kombuchapaper) | -| 12 | Overripe mango leather | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/mangoleather) | -| 19 | Tanned fish skin | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/fishskin) | -| 20| Madder dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/madderdye) | -| 21| Copper oxide | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/copperoxide) | -| 22 | Red cabbage dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/cabbagedye) | -| 23 | Coffee waste dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/coffeedye) | -| 24 | Bacterial dye on silk | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/bacterialdye) | -| 25 | Flower paper | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/flowerpaper) | -| 26 | Avocado stone dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/avodye) | -| 27 | Yellow onion skin dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/oniondye) | -| 28 | Beetroot dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/beetrootdye) | -| 29 | Hibiscus dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/hibiscusdye) | -| 30 | PH modifiers for biochromes | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/phmodifiers) | +| 8 | Alginate net | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alginatenet) | +| 9 | Alginate foil | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alginatefoil) | +| 10 | Alginate string | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alginatestring) | +| 11 | Agar foil | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/agarfoil) | +| 12 | Agar composite | €0,57 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/agarcomposite) | +| 13 | Re-used PLA scraps | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/recycledPLA) | +| 14 | Alum crystal silk | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk) | +| 15| Borax crystals | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/boraxcrystals) | +| 16| Kombucha paper | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/kombuchapaper) | +| 17 | Overripe mango leather | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/mangoleather) | +| 18 | Tanned fish skin | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/fishskin) | +| 19| Madder dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/madderdye) | +| 20| Copper oxide | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/copperoxide) | +| 21 | Red cabbage dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/cabbagedye) | +| 22 | Coffee waste dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/coffeedye) | +| 23 | Bacterial dye on silk | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/bacterialdye) | +| 24 | Flower paper | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/flowerpaper) | +| 25 | Avocado stone dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/avodye) | +| 26 | Yellow onion skin dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/oniondye) | +| 27 | Beetroot dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/beetrootdye) | +| 28 | Hibiscus dye | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/hibiscusdye) | +| 29 | PH modifiers for biochromes | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/phmodifiers) | | 30 | Coffee waste leather | €0,00 |  | [Recipe](../../files/recipes/phmodifiers) |