diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md index 5832fc0af444448c4870143b5e82f3fc8f612824..a1661aa01077f3d4de7ddcfeba5db84719b01bc7 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md @@ -126,10 +126,13 @@ Not sure See also the recipe for [agar foil](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/agarfoil/). -A composite can be any combination of two or more dissimilar materials which together make for a material with different properties, but without merging into one new compound (they continue to be discernable). Very familiar examples is paper mache (paper and glue modelled for example around a balloon). It is one of the earliest human technologies. Early on composites were created by adding straw to mud bricks for building, or the Egyptian practice of soaking cloth tape in resin used for mummification of the dead. The technical temrs for the materials used in a composite are *constituent materials* with three type: the matrix, preform and the enforcement. The matrix is a pattern that distributes the load (e.g. bioresin), the preform are yarns, net wovens, whereas other reinforcement (such as fibres) contribute to the mechanical properties of the materials. +**On composites:** a composite can be any combination of two or more dissimilar materials which together make for a material with different properties, but without merging into one new compound (they continue to be discernable). Very familiar examples is paper mache (paper and glue modelled for example around a balloon). It is one of the earliest human technologies. Early on composites were created by adding straw to mud bricks for building, or the Egyptian practice of soaking cloth tape in resin used for mummification of the dead. The technical temrs for the materials used in a composite are *constituent materials* with three type: the matrix, preform and the enforcement. The matrix is a pattern that distributes the load (e.g. bioresin), the preform are yarns, net wovens, whereas other reinforcement (such as fibres) contribute to the mechanical properties of the materials. All composites (even simple ones) are engineered materials. One of the great benefits is that it can result in large but strong and lightweight spatial objects (e.g. carbon fibre enforced plastic) with relatively few resources. It also gives more options to create varying degrees of stiffness and strength. The use of textile composites in the construction industry is less common than traditional building materials, but its popularity is growing. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + + **Needs further research?** Not sure ###Key sources @@ -219,3 +222,5 @@ Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 - **Textile Composite Materials** by Ashok Hakoo for Textile School, 14 April 2019: [link](https://www.textileschool.com/4474/textile-composite-materials/) - **Textile Composites** by Waqas Paracha via Slideshare, 5 April 2010: [link](https://www.slideshare.net/wakasyounus/textile-composites) - **What is Biocomposite?** by Ashish Kumar Dua, for Textile Learner, July 2013: [link](https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/07/what-is-biocomposite-fibers-used-in.html) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md b/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md index d227eab274e8dfda9fc9721f42f70bce543a4c99..c9b320b0d332eed523caae1e13f1fda43c98ca3e 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/agarfoil.md @@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ In the late 19th century, its properties were found to be useful in microbiology Agar-based bioplastics are promising candidates for food packaging and have been used as packaging for dried goods and can be heat sealed (rather than glue sealed). Margarita Talep's packaging designs are a beautiful example. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Yes, on the history of uses of agar as a biopolymer and the people developing the processes for it. ###Key Sources @@ -219,3 +221,5 @@ Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 - **Agar biofoil** by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class pages, [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lm147nvWkxxmPf5Oh2wU5a8eonpqHCVc/view). - **Margarita Talep Algae Bioplastic Packaging Design** by Natashah Hitti for Dezeen, 18 January 2019: [link](https://www.dezeen.com/2019/01/18/margarita-talep-algae-bioplastic-packaging-design/) - **Desintegra.me** by Margarita Talep, 2017: [link](https://margaritatalep.com/Desintegra-me-desarrollo) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md index 573962579385f7b547d4ba9f8ec6990c1a6eaa5c..4678876fc08d840409efd956742ae38b51e898b3 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md @@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ Sodium alginate (E401) is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) sphe Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technology industry. And it is used to waterproof and fireproof fabrics. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Yes, on the uses of alginate as a design material and the people who have developed the processes and techniques for it. ###Key sources @@ -222,6 +224,8 @@ By Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 - **The Science Of Spherification: Theoreticians examine the atomic details of an avant-garde culinary technique"**, by Bethany Halford, Chemical and Engineering News, Volume 92 Issue 42, pp. 35-36, October 2014: [link](https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i42/Science-Spherification.html) - **Alginic Acid** on Wikipedia: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid) - **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md index d2c3dbf50a264ba4d8bbca56a0b4d9497a21e2d3..ca74265131dae3c3f2b0416c0d9594dfbbeb5c7b 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md @@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technolog All composites (even simple ones) are engineered materials. One of the great benefits is that it can result in large but strong and lightweight spatial objects (e.g. carbon fibre enforced plastic) with relatively few resources. It also gives more options to create varying degrees of stiffness and strength. The use of textile composites in the construction industry is less common than traditional building materials, but its popularity is growing. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure ###Key sources @@ -244,3 +246,5 @@ Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy Student Textile - **Alginic Acid** on Wikipeda: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid) - **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm) - **Alginate Bioplastic** by Catherine Euale, Fabricademy 2018-19, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2019/catherine.euale/projects/P7algae/) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md index 69cd433cd804864772d0b68c92efab144125e1ad..9648f6097e41276b7cb8bdb2f0def44c2d6f56e5 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md @@ -133,15 +133,17 @@ Developing tools to extrude evenly and continuously would be useful. - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) - Add **more glycerine** to try achieve a more flexible string - Varying with different mouth pieces can generate thicker or thinner strings. -- When these strings are put in water at room temperature for an hour they start to absorb water and the will get soft again. This is to be avoided unless you want the **make the strings longer and thinner** (and more fragile). When you soak them they can be stretch and elongate them by about 30%. +- When these strings are put in water at room temperature for an hour they start to absorb water and the will get soft again. This is to be avoided unless you want the **make the strings longer and thinner** (and more fragile). When you soak them they can be stretched and elongated by about 30%. ##ORIGINS & REFERENCES **Cultural origins of this recipe** -Sodium alginate (E401) is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. It takes no heat but gels when in contact with calcium and acidic media (e.g. calcium chloride and calcium lactate). More commonly, it is used as additive: as stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier and hydration agent in all kinds of processed foods, but cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and even (as thickener) in screen printing). +Sodium alginate (E401) is used in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. It takes no heat but gels when in contact with calcium and acidic media (e.g. calcium chloride and calcium lactate). More commonly, it is used as additive: as stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier and hydration agent in all kinds of processed foods, but cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and even (as thickener) in screen printing). -Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technology industry. And it is used to waterproof and fireproof fabrics. +Alginate plastics are also used in molding and casting of dental technology industry. And it is used to waterproof and fireproof fabrics. + +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. **Needs further research?** Not sure @@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ Brown algae are not farmed everywhere in the world and might have to travel sign **Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes -- Vegan: no +- Vegan: yes - Made of by-products or waste: no - Biocompostable final product: yes - Reuse: no @@ -232,6 +234,8 @@ Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy student at Text - **Nature-Based System for Food Packaging** by Caroline Delgado, Fabricademy final project, 2020: https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting - **Alginic Acid** on Wikipeda: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid) - **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md index 2cbae7efe7a7d537db741d1a3bde3f8fd480df9f..32e46c46a2f8a4d2a1cfac359c046ce42356fcea 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##GENERAL INFORMATION -Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*. It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways. +Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*. Alum crystals are clear and faceted with great definition so they are often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways. **Physical form** @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day ###Ingredients -* **Alum powder (also: potassium alum - 125 g** (plus some more just in case) +* **Alum powder (also: potassium aluminium sulfate, potash alum, or - 125 g** (plus some more just in case) * we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals. * **Water - 400 ml/gr** * To dissolve the alum powder and reorganize into a crystal @@ -134,13 +134,15 @@ More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crysta **Cultural origins of this recipe** -Needs further research +Potassium alum was known to the Ancient Egyptians as early as 1500 B.C and was described in the age old writings of Pliny and Dioscorides under many different names: alumen, salsugoterrae, stupteria and other substances with vaguely similar properties and uses like: misy, sory, chalcanthum, atramentum sutorium, iron sulfate or "green vitriol". The word "alum" is still used for many different kinds of alum compounds and are often used interchangeably but they are not all the same. Potassium alum is mentioned in the Ayurveda with the name phitkari or saurashtri.[citation needed] It is used in traditional Chinese medicine with the name mingfan (明矾). +Potassium alum was used extensively in the wool industry from Classical antiquity, during the Middle Ages, and well into 19th century as a mordant or dye fixative. The textile dyeing industry in Bruge, and many other locations in Italy, and later in England, required alum to stabilize the dyes onto the fabric (make the dyes "fast") and also to brighten the colors. As an ingredient it was of utmost economic importance during the Renaissance. + **Needs further research?** Yes ###Key Sources -This is a variation on: **Alum Crystals** in "Textile as Scaffold" by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/ +This is a variation on: **Alum Crystals** in "Textile as Scaffold" by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/) Which in turn refers to: **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: [link](https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/) @@ -150,9 +152,13 @@ Pistofidou's recipe is published under a Creative Commons Attibution Non-Commerc ##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY -add here +Saying anything about the ethics and sustainability mineral crystals is relative. What do you compare it to? It is *currently* not known to be tied to practices of exploitation (when compared to, for example, the blood diamonds people fight horrific wars over. -Depends what it is compared to.. Not so bad compared to blood diamonds but it is still a finite resource that involves mining practices. +Potassium alum historically was mainly extracted from alunite, but is now produced industrially by adding potassium sulfate to a concentrated solution of aluminium sulfate. Aluminium sulfate can be obtained from clays, bauxite, cryolite, and alum schists (found in Germany, Belgium, Scotland, Czech Republic). + +Mineral deposits that alum can be harvested from are relatively abundant - again, compared to say, diamonds - but are still a finite resource that involves mining practices with all its historical problematics around stealing land from indigenous peoples, as well as worker's safety and depletion of the earth's resources (which is likely to be downplayed in factsheets from the mines themselves). + +Unlike diamonds, borax and alum crystals can be regrown into different constellations infinitely allowing for multiple designs that can be executed reusing the same compound. They are not precious in the way diamonds and are, but pretty brilliant in their own right. **Sustainability tags** @@ -225,7 +231,16 @@ Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, ##REFERENCES -- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/ -- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining -- **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/ -- **Grow your own simulated diamonds with a big alum crystal**, by Anne Marie Helmenstein for ThoughtCo, 13 February 2018: https://www.thoughtco.com/growing-a-big-alum-crystal-602197 +- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/) +- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: [link](https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining) +- **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: [link](https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/) +- **Grow your own simulated diamonds with a big alum crystal**, by Anne Marie Helmenstein for ThoughtCo, 13 February 2018: [link](https://www.thoughtco.com/growing-a-big-alum-crystal-602197) +- **Potassium alum**, on Wikipedia, n.d. [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_alum#Natural_occurrence) +- **Aluminium Compounds, inorganic** by Otto Helmboldt, e.a. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 15 April 2007: [link](https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2) +- **A History of the International Dyestuff Industry A History Of The International Dyestuff Industry** by Peter J T Morris and Anthony Travis, 01 January 1992: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265280328_A_History_of_the_International_Dyestuff_Industry_A_History_Of_The_International_Dyestuff_Industry) +- **What is Alum?** by Anne Marie Helmenstine for ThoughtCo, 11 July 2019: [link](https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-alum-608508) +- **Kinetics of nucleation in solutions**, by Jaroslav Nývlt, Journal of Crystal Growth, Volumes 3–4, 1968: [link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022024868901796) +- **Brunsteiner et al., Toward a Molecular Understanding of Crystal Agglomeration**, Crystal Growth & Design, 2005, 5 (1), pp 3–16: [link](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cg049837m?src=recsys) +- **Crystal Growth Kinetics**, Material Science and Engineering, Volume 65, Issue 1, July 1984: [link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0025541684901940) +- **Crystallization and Precipitation: Optimize Crystal Size, Yield, and Purity with Crystallization Equipment** by AuthoChem Applications, n.d.:[link](https://www.mt.com/us/en/home/applications/L1_AutoChem_Applications/L2_Crystallization.html) +- **Crystallization**, Wikipedia, n.d. [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md index dd6bb40353a7f378c0fe8d9b331b213f248e39b1..282d04939b4cb35c74230cecb60852eedfd2992a 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md @@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ Unlike the fibres and starches in peels used here, the *fibres of banana plants* This recipe departs from that heritage however, in that it doesn't use the fibres taken from the plant itself, but reuses the waste of the edible fruits of the plants: the peels. The main ingredient here is a waste product from the food industry. As such it is tied to other bioplastics made from biomass and food waste that have become increasingly popular in materials engineering and e.g. industrial design in recent years, and less related to the production of banana silk. Through a process of polymerization, the starch and the fibres in the peels are softened, pureed, formed and dried. It is technically a plastic, but has aesthetic properties that resemble clay. Recipes for polymerization with banana peels have gained attention in the last few years, mostly in academia, with recipes popping up in fields of engineering, design and crafts and even construction (banana peel powder can strengthen concrete for example). Some prominent references are listed below. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Yes The use of banana peels as a resource is less well documented than that of the fibres of banana plants. Its origins could be further researched. The process, using soda ash and vinegar and its functions could be researched further. @@ -233,5 +235,7 @@ Has recipe been validated? Not yet. - **What is Banana Fabric? Properties, How It's Made and Where** by Boris Hodakel for Sewport, 6 April 2020: [link](https://sewport.com/fabrics-directory/banana-fabric) - **Are Bananas the new Building Material?** by Construction Manager Magazine, 12 October 2017: [link](http://www.constructionmanagermagazine.com/insight/arup-predicts-bananas-and-potatoes-will-be-used-bu/) - **Analysis of Properties of Concrete Using Dried Banana Peel Powder as Admixture** by Vishal Gadgihalli, Sindhu Shankar, S.C. Sharma, P. Dinakar in International Journal of Research Granthaalayah, 5(11), November 2017: pp. 351-354: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323308261_ANALYSIS_OF_PROPERTIES_OF_CONCRETE_USING_DRIED_BANANA_PEEL_POWDER_AS_ADMIXTURE) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md index 764311ce897801f617306be4f6d3ae1a95d3e000..747f5d9c84ff4ffbea6f2c211e28bdc6866b428f 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md @@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure ###Key Sources @@ -242,9 +244,11 @@ Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, - **Biofoam Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **Biofoam Recipe** by Maria Viftrup (TextileLab, Waag), biofoam sample from the material archive, 2017. - **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtextiles, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **The Bioplastics Cookbook** by Fab Textiles Lab, n.d., [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) +- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md index 61ed03461dd953ea0b1004d5baf8dedc690933bf..9510be09e7fa0d4f00697b028fbe62d736ae6d17 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md @@ -1,22 +1,20 @@ # BIOFOIL EXTRA FLEXIBLE -### Tactility & sound impression - <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5ayE8BSSaj8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/olMNIg67vFQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -### Description +##GENERAL INFORMATION -A transparent, glossy and very flexible sheet of gelatine-based bioplastic. Slightly sticky. +A transparent, glossy and very flexible sheet of gelatine-based bioplastic. Slightly sticky. This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the PVC table cloths some people may have on their kitchen table to protect the woord from staining (also used for PVC clothing of course). I would describe it more like a protective plastic than a packaging material for example. -### Physical form +**Physical form** Surface Color without additives: transparent, slightly yellow where thicker -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hour @@ -26,7 +24,13 @@ Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible. Final form achieved after: 1 week -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +0,78 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients * **Gelatine powder - 24 gr** * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) @@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week * **Water - 200 ml/gr** * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) 1. **Pot** @@ -44,11 +48,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week 1. **Spoon** -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield -Approx. 200 ml +Approx. 200 ml before drying/processng -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ Approx. 200 ml - Let it dry for 48-72 hours at least before releasing. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. Patience pays off with these sheets -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process Peel it off the mold after 48-72 hours (enjoy the sound it makes!) - Mold depth: N/A @@ -105,22 +109,24 @@ Store flat, unfolded in a dry and ventilated room. Yes. Casting onto textured surfaces is likely to require a different technique and/or molds that have walls to ensure even distribution. -### Process +###Process pictures *Mixing the ingredients at 80 degrees, Loes Bogers, 2020* *The gelatin is dissolved: stirring very very slowly, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*, Releasing the sheet from the acrylic, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Releasing the sheet from the acrylic, Loes Bogers, 2020* -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) - Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil - **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. - **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. -### Cultural origins of this recipe +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES + +**Cultural origins of this recipe** Bioplastic production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. @@ -128,15 +134,22 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + + **Needs further research?** Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +###Key Sources - **Biofoil (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) - **Biofoil (gelatine) Recipe** by Monique Grimord (TextileLab, Waag), biofoil (gelatine) and Indian ink sample from the material archive, 2016. -### Known concerns and contestations\* +###Copyright information + +It is unclear if any copyright rests on the recipe by Dunne. Further research is required. The other two are licenced under a CC Attribution Non-Commercial Licence. + +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY Needs further research @@ -146,7 +159,7 @@ Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no @@ -158,13 +171,7 @@ Needs further research?: not sure Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities - -This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the PVC table cloths some people may have on their kitchen table to protect the woord from staining (also used for PVC clothing of course). I would describe it more like a protective plastic than a packaging material for example. - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: flexible @@ -190,39 +197,35 @@ This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the PVC tab - **Color modifiers:** none -## About this entry +##ABOUT -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 19-02-2020 – 26-02-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation +**Recipe validation** -Has recipe been validated? Yes +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +**Images of the final sample** -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency - -0,78 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml - -## Copyright information +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* -This is a variation on "Gelatine" from **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* -It is unclear if any copyright rests on this recipe. Further research is required. +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* -##References +##REFERENCES - **Biofoil (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) @@ -231,13 +234,8 @@ It is unclear if any copyright rests on this recipe. Further research is require - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) -## Images of final product - -*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biolino.md b/docs/files/recipes/biolino.md index c611378aafcbd9d44d644ee982a69f748bb62be9..b5278ec6dde3d488316c18ea37fb217407172234 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biolino.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biolino.md @@ -1,22 +1,20 @@ -# BIOLINOLEUM - -### Tactility & sound impression +#BIOLINOLEUM <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cZIIQKz5wYI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WP-ZlP3fVT4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -### Description +##GENERAL INFORMATION -A tough but light, textured bioplastic. Remains some flexibility when cast as a sheet. Gelatine-based with dried and ground eggshells as filler to avoid shrinkage. +A tough but light, textured bioplastic. Remains some flexibility when cast as a sheet. Gelatine-based with dried and ground eggshells as filler to avoid shrinkage. This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. -### Physical form +**Physical form** Solids, Surfaces Color without additives: light brown/liver color with speckles. -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hours (if you prepared the egg shell powder already) @@ -26,7 +24,13 @@ Need attention: Every 8-16 hours to alternate between drying and presing. Final form achieved after: 10 days -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml before drying. + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients * **Gelatine powder - 24 gr** * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) @@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days * **Dried and ground egg shells - 55 g** * Used as a filler that reduces shrinkage, and simultaneously adds texture and strength. Recipe for drying and grinding egg shells is. -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) 1. **Pot** @@ -48,11 +52,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days 1. **A blender** to blend the egg shells -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield -Approx. 200 ml +Approx. 200 ml before drying. -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ Approx. 200 ml - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. - The compound will shrink a little. Press it under a stack of heavy books for a few hours and then dry for a few hours again, alterating the two. If you can dry the cast objects on a roster while pressed that is ideal. -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process - Mold depth: 3 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high), or cast on a sheet (3-5mm) - Shrinkage thickness: 10-15 % @@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ Store in a dry and ventilated room. It's worth trying to evaporate as much water as possible to reduce shrinkage even more. Adding the powder will thicken the liquid too so try to find the sweet spot where you can still pour it. -### Process +###Process pictures *washed egg shells ready for the oven, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -119,13 +123,15 @@ It's worth trying to evaporate as much water as possible to reduce shrinkage eve *just casted on an acrylic sheet, Loes Bogers, 2020* -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) - Add **more glycerine** for a more flexible material - Use a different kind of filler than egg shells. Think of any dry fibre made of bio mass (e.g. dried plant leaves, dried used coffee grounds, shredded paper waste). -### Cultural origins of this recipe +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES + +**Cultural origins of this recipe** Bioplastic production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. @@ -133,6 +139,8 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure ### References this recipe draws from @@ -140,7 +148,11 @@ In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plasti - **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -### Known concerns and contestations\* +###Copyright information + +Raspanti's recipe is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. Copyrights on Dunnes work is unclear, more research required. + +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY Needs further research @@ -150,7 +162,7 @@ Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no @@ -162,12 +174,7 @@ Needs further research?: can this be remelted and reused? Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water (but plastics with additives and fillers might not be reusable). Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities -This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: rigid @@ -192,39 +199,32 @@ This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or - **Surface friction:** medium - **Color modifiers:** none +##ABOUT -## About this entry - -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation - -Has recipe been validated? Yes +**Recipe validation** -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency +**Images of the final sample** -2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml - -## Copyright information - -### This recipe is in the public domain (CC0) +*Surface, Loes Bogers, 2020* -This is a variation on **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +*Surface, Loes Bogers, 2020* -It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. +*Solid, Loes Bogers, 2020* ##References @@ -234,13 +234,8 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) -## Images of final product - -*Surface, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Surface, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Solid, Loes Bogers, 2020* diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md b/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md index 4f0563b45948328bda657f3636ce0fe52b24490f..86f916bd5a7ef80ef80a815400d961412fc774d4 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md @@ -1,20 +1,18 @@ # BIORESIN -### Tactility & sound impression - <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gNOtGunJc2A" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -### Description +##GENERAL INFORMATION -A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. +A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. This resin is strong, dense and rather heavy, but as much as say, synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It is also warmer to the touch. -### Physical form +**Physical form** Solids Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hour @@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of a Final form achieved after: 10 days -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml before casting + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients * **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) @@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer * **A large round coffee filter** to absorb froth -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) 1. **Pot** @@ -43,11 +47,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days 1. **Spoon** -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -76,8 +80,7 @@ Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. - -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process - Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) - Shrinkage thickness: 10-20 % @@ -105,8 +108,7 @@ Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be c The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. - -### Process +###Process pictures *Getting everything ready, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -124,15 +126,16 @@ The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by s *Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) - Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid plastic - **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. - **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. -### Cultural origins of this recipe +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES + +**Cultural origins of this recipe** Bioplastic production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. @@ -140,15 +143,21 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +###Key Sources - **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -### Known concerns and contestations +###Copyright information + +Raspanti's recipes is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. Copyright on Dunne's work is unclear and needs further research. + +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY Needs further research @@ -158,7 +167,7 @@ Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no @@ -170,12 +179,7 @@ Needs further research?: not sure Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities -This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: rigid @@ -201,37 +205,32 @@ This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or - **Color modifiers:** none -## About this entry +##ABOUT -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation +**Recipe validation** -Has recipe been validated? Yes +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +**Images of the final sample** -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency - -2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml - -## Copyright information - -This recipe was orginally published as **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* -It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* ##References @@ -241,13 +240,8 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) -## Images of final product - -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biorubber.md b/docs/files/recipes/biorubber.md index 15bcc887623a127cdca33b80ba046cee0efa4dac..8e573ce728c0c402dbca0c44af7edb187cce40ed 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biorubber.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biorubber.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ # STARCH-BASED RUBBER -### Tactility & sound impression - <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xTVABD1KlsY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> **>> update video <<** -### Description - -A rubbery bioplastic based on gelatin and potato starch. +A rubbery bioplastic based on gelatin and potato starch. This slab feels a bit like a rubber car tyre. It's strong but flexible and is less stiff then the gelatine-based biosilicone for example. It has a sour smell from the vinegar (this slowly fades but does not disappear). -### Physical form +**Physical form** Surface Color without additives: yellow -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hour @@ -26,7 +22,14 @@ Need attention: None, just leave it to dry while pressed (e.g. on a roster) as l Final form achieved after:7 days -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +2,26 Euros for a yield of approx 250 ml before casting + + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients * **Gelatine powder - 50 g ** * Functions as polymeer (so it becomes a solid) @@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ Final form achieved after:7 days * **White vinegar - 15 g ** * Vinegar is almost always added to starch-based biopolymers to change the molecular structure of the starch, making it stronger and more workable. -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) 1. **Pot** @@ -51,11 +54,11 @@ Final form achieved after:7 days 3. **A press or a stack of heavy books** (to keep the slab pressed while drying) -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield -Approx. 200 ml +Approx. 250 ml before casting -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ Approx. 200 ml - The slab will shrink relatively quickly, then take it off the mold and let it air dry - Alternate drying with some periods of keeping it pressed. If you have a roster you can dry and press at the same time. -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process - Mold depth: N/A - Shrinkage thickness: 5-10 % @@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ Store in a dry and ventilated room. Keep pressed until fully dry. Not sure. -### Process +###Process pictures *Getting everything ready, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ Not sure. *Drying the slab on a roster (pressed down with books occasionally), Loes Bogers, 2020* -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder). The vinegar makes this recipe acidic so keep that in mind when using PH sensitive dyes. - Add a natural scent to mask the acidic smell of the vinegar. @@ -141,24 +144,29 @@ Not sure. - Reduce amount of gelatine or leave it out altogether - **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. -### Cultural origins of this recipe +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES +**Cultural origins of this recipe** Biopolymer production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds but also bio-mass. The process to create them is called *polymerization*, or the chemical reaction to form polymer chains or networks. In 1862 Alexander Parkes presented Parkesine (now celluloid, an organic thermoformable material made from cellulose). In 1907, Bakelite was introduced by chemist Leo Hendrik Baekland. Bakelite is an electrical insulator and was used in electrical appliances, once formed, it could not be melted. Baekland coined the term "plastics" to describe a new category of materials. PVC (short for polyvinyl chloride was patented in 1914 (around the same time cellophane was discovered). The use of petroleum was easier and cheaper to obtain and process than raw materials like wood, glass and metal and gained in popularity after World War II. More plastics were invented and became mainstream in the 1960s thanks to its ease and low cost of production. High tech plastics continued to be developed for health care and technology since the 1970s. In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +###Key Sources - **Turmeric bioplastic** by Maria Viftrup for the Material Archive at TextileLab Waag (Amsterdam), 2017 - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018: [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) -- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, via Issuu, 2014:[link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a). -- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, via Issuu, 2014:[link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) -### Known concerns and contestations +###Copyright information + +Viftrup's recipe is licenced under CC Attribution Non-Commercial. The copyright on Dunnes work are unclear, more research needed. + +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY Needs further research @@ -168,7 +176,7 @@ Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no @@ -180,12 +188,7 @@ Needs further research?: not sure Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water (but plastics with additives and fillers might not be reusable). Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities -This slab feels a bit like a rubber car tyre. It's tough but resilient. It has a storng sour smell from the vinegar (this slowly fades). - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: resilient @@ -210,38 +213,34 @@ This slab feels a bit like a rubber car tyre. It's tough but resilient. It has a - **Surface friction:** medium - **Color modifiers:** none -## About this entry +##ABOUT -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 16-03-2020 – 22-03-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation - -Has recipe been validated? Yes - -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 16 March 2020 - -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency +**Recipe validation** -2,26 Euros for a yield of approx 250 ml +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 16 March 2020 -## Copyright information +**Images of the final sample** -This is a variation on **Tumorick bioplastic** by Maria Viftrup for the Material Archive at Textile Lab Waag (Amsterdam), n.d. - -It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. +*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* +*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* -##References +##REFERENCES - **Turmeric bioplastic** by Maria Viftrup for the Material Archive at TextileLab Waag (Amsterdam), 2017 - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018: [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) @@ -253,14 +252,8 @@ incorporation of Engineering Practices**, by Richard Harris, Carla Ahrenstorff G - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) - -## Images of final product - -*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* -*Starch-based rubber, Loes Bogers, 2020* +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, via Issuu, 2014:[link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a). +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, via Issuu, 2014:[link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md b/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md index b20502a6cde859f254248cc41f0fe83b58d875e5..b1afb116344a6c68a8f9fec2c194200c5700bcd4 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md @@ -1,20 +1,18 @@ # BIOSILICONE -### Tactility & sound impression - <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a5gBPlJNHfk" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -### Description +##GENERAL INFORMATION -A (naturally) yellow, flexible biosilicone, gelatin-based. +A (naturally) yellow, flexible biosilicone, gelatin-based. This silicon is rather flexible considering it's thickness, but is quite hard when compared to silicone rubber baking trays for example that often contain softeners. Thinner sheets are more flexbile, thicker less. Starch-based rubber recipe results in more flexible slabs. -### Physical form +**Physical form** Solids Color without additives: transparent, yellow -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hour @@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: every 12 hours, alternate pressing and drying, (press overnight, Final form achieved after: 10 days -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +1,68 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml before casting + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients * **Gelatine powder - 48 gr** * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) @@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days * **Water - 240 ml/gr** * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) 1. **Pot** @@ -42,11 +46,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days 1. **Spoon** -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield -Approx. 250 ml (make sure to evaporate enough water during cooking time) +Before processing/drying/curing: approx. 250 ml (make sure to evaporate enough water during cooking time) -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ Approx. 250 ml (make sure to evaporate enough water during cooking time) - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process - Mold depth: 3 x 3mm layers - Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % @@ -99,8 +103,7 @@ Store in a dry and ventilated room. Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold and deformation would require further experimentation. - -### Process +###Process pictures *preparing the mold, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -109,14 +112,16 @@ Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold and deformation would require *biosilicone slab just after mold release, Loes Bogers, 2020* -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) - Add **less glycerine** for a rigid biosilicone - **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. - **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. -### Cultural origins of this recipe +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES + +**Cultural origins of this recipe** Bioplastic production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. @@ -124,14 +129,21 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are. +**On open-source bioplastics:** open-source documenting of how to make bioplastics with simple tools and locally available materials can be attributed to Miriam Ribul and her publication on *Material Activism* from 2014. Promoting collaborative production of alternatives for petroleum-based plastic, she demonstrated 20(!) known processes for material production using only 4 simple recipes. Juliette Pépin's visual research book on bioplastics (also from 2014), goes in depth into the sensory and visual aspects of simple recipes with many variations. Although bioplastics production is certainly a craft that is dispersed across many locations and times, leaving traces of many similar recipes behind, this type of cataloguing and sharing work is certainly indebted to these two pioneers. + **Needs further research?** Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +###Key Sources - **Biosilicone Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **Biosilicone Recipe** by Maria Viftrup (TextileLab, Waag), biosilicpne sample from the material archive, 2017. -### Known concerns and contestations +###Copyright information + +Both recipes are publiched under a CC Attribution Non-commercial licence. + + +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY Needs further research @@ -141,7 +153,7 @@ Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no @@ -153,12 +165,7 @@ Needs further research?: not sure Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water (but plastics with additives and fillers might not be reusable). Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities -This silicon is rather flexible considering it's thickness, but is quite hard when compared to silicone rubber baking trays for example that often contain softeners. Thinner sheets are more flexbile, thicker less. - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: flexible @@ -184,38 +191,36 @@ This silicon is rather flexible considering it's thickness, but is quite hard wh - **Color modifiers:** none -## About this entry +##ABOUT -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 19-02-2020 – 01-03-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation - -Has recipe been validated? Yes +**Recipe validation** -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency +**Images of the final sample** -1,68 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml +*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* -## Copyright information +*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* -This is a variation on: **Biosilicone Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* -It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. +*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* -##References +##REFERENCES - **Biosilicone Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). - **Biosilicone Recipe** by Maria Viftrup (TextileLab, Waag), biosilicpne sample from the material archive, 2017. @@ -224,16 +229,9 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence. - **Lifecycle of a Plastic Product** by American Chemistry Council, n.d. [link](https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Lifecycle-of-a-Plastic-Product/) - **Polymerization**, on Wikipedia, n.d.: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerization) - **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics) +- **Recipes for Material Activism** by Miriam Ribul, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/miriamribul/docs/miriam_ribul_recipes_for_material_a) +- **Research Book Bioplastics** by Juliette Pepin, 2014, via issuu [link](https://issuu.com/juliettepepin/docs/bookletbioplastic) -## Images of final product - -*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* - -*Biosilicone sample, Loes Bogers, 2020* diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/boraxcrystals.md b/docs/files/recipes/boraxcrystals.md index fd4feec18725c71deb192b8552ad30c8583f2b86..da6e4329471ee93f2ce1c07d2de7248dcc3f14aa 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/boraxcrystals.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/boraxcrystals.md @@ -1,20 +1,18 @@ # BORAX CRYSTALS -### Tactility & sound impression - <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/v0EhkKF5i5Q" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -### Description +##GENERAL INFORMATION -Borax crystals - grown on a nylon wire and on textile. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*. +Borax crystals - grown on a nylon wire and on textile. The technique used here is crystallization from a solution. The borax crystal is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways. Less triangular than for example alum crystals. -### Physical form +**Physical form** Surface treatment, Solids Color without additives: transparent and translucent white. (Turns opaque after baking in the oven for 10 minutes at 100 degrees Celcius.) -### Fabrication time +**Fabrication time** Preparation time: 1 Hour @@ -24,10 +22,16 @@ Need attention: None. Leave in a warm place, don't move or touch it. Final form achieved after: 1 day -## Ingredients +**Estimated cost (consumables)** + +2,25 Euros for a 400 ml saturated solution + +##RECIPE + +###Ingredients -* **Borax powder - 7 tbsp** (approx. 150g) - * also called: sodium tetraborate we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals. +* **Borax powder - 7 tbsp** (approx. 150g) + * also called: sodium tetraborate decahydrate: we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals. * **Water - 400 ml/gr** * To dissolve the borax powder and reorganize into a crystal * **Water - 1000 ml/g** @@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day * This is so smooth it is harder for the molecules to attach to so they will all attach to the rougher surfaces you put in. * **Fluffly textile decorations** get fluffy balls or balls on a string. Pipe cleaners also work very well. -## Tools +###Tools 1. **Cooker or kettle** 1. **A smooth glass jar or bowl** big enough to fit your textiles without it touching the sides or having to fold or crease it. Make sure this is totally clean. Prepare as many jars as you have textile surfaces. You can't put them together: the two surfaces would compete in attracting the available borax molecules. @@ -46,11 +50,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day 1. **Clips** to fasten the string(s) to the stick -## Yield before processing/drying/curing +###Yield About 80-100% of the borax powder will attach itself the silk in the form of larger crystals. -## Method +###Method 1. **Preparation** @@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ About 80-100% of the borax powder will attach itself the silk in the form of lar - If you have the patience, give it 16-24 hours. But pretty decent-sized crystals will have formed as soon as 6-8 hours later. - Rinse them under cold tap water and let them dry. -### Drying/curing/growth process +###Drying/curing/growth process - Mold depth: N/A - Shrinkage thickness: N/A @@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ Don't throw away left-over liquid or unused crystals, they can be redissolved a More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crystals. -### Process +###Process pictures *Preparing the jars and textiles, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -114,35 +118,48 @@ More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crysta *Borax crystal turned opaque white after 10 mins in the oven at 100 degrees celcius, Loes Bogers, 2020* - - -## Variations on this recipe +###Variations - Add a **colorant** such as black soot ink (other natural dyes are still experimental!) - Turn your crystals **opaque white** by putting them in the oven for 10 minutes at 100 degrees celcius. It adds definition to the faceting. - Try to grow even **bigger crystals** by using the crystal you grew on the string as a *seed crystal*. Make a new saturated solution (let it cool enough so it doesn't feel hot anymore but more towards lukewarm, so your seed crystal doesn't dissolve). Suspend the crystal in it and watch it grow bigger. Take it out immediately if it dissolves: check that it is fully saturated and let the liquid cool more before trying again. - The same technique can be used with epsom salt, sugar and [borax](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk/). - Adding conductive paint to the solution creates crystals that can be used as capacitive sensors. +- troubleshoot and tweak further by playing with the known parameters for crystal growth: + - **properties of the input material:** concentration, solvent type, using a seed crystal or not, scale, temperature, impurity profile of the starting materials. + - **processes** are: agitation, cooling rate, hold time, seeding protocol (see below), anti-solvent addition and temperature cycle. + +##ORIGINS & REFERENCES + +**Cultural origins of this recipe** +Crystallization is a general process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules or atoms are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. It happens in nature (salt lakes) but can also be induced artificially. Crystallization also has a broad industrial application as a separation and purification step in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. -### Cultural origins of this recipe +This particular technique comes from the field of chemistry and there are many more techniques known. The technique used here is crystallization from a solution. A solution is made, and made supersaturated until it can take no more. Then the solubility is reduced by cooling (letting the water come to room temperature), but this can also be done by adding socalled *antisolvents*, by letting the solvent evaporate, or by creating another chemical reaction. -Add here +Crystallization happens in two steps: *nucleation*, when clusters of molecules start to form, and the second phase is *crystal growth*, when the clusters grow bigger, basically. These phases can be separate from each other, for example: you can just enable further crystal growth from a previously grown borax crystal (which is called a "seed crystal"). Jaroslav Nývlt's work the *Kinetics of nucleation in solutions* from 1968 is considered seminal work on the formation of crystals from a solution. + +**About borax**: borax is a brand name for powdered sodium borate. It was first discovered in dry lake beds in Tibet - where it was called "tincal" and then imported via the Silk Road to the Arabian Peninsula in the 8th century AD. It has been in common use, also in Europe and the U.S. since the 1900s. It is used as cleaning product, in fertilizers, as fire retardant, wood treatment, and anti-fungal product. It is used the production of fiberglass and the heat-resistant glass used in consumer electronics. Arabian goldsmiths and silversmiths used *borates* as soldering agents (flux) in the 8th century A.D. It is said that the name borax comes from the Arabic ‘buraq’ meaning ‘white’. They were used in China as early as 11th century A.D. as ceramic glazes. + +Further research on the use of crystal growth techniques for design is needed. **Needs further research?** Not sure -### References this recipe draws from +###Key Sources This is a variation on: **Borax Crystals**, in: "Textile as Scaffold" by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/ -### Known concerns and contestations\* +###Copyright information + +It is unclear if there is copyright on this material, further research is required. -add here +##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY -Depends what it is compared to. Not so bad compared to blood diamonds but it is still a finite resource that involves mining practices. +Saying anything about the ethics and sustainability mineral crystals is relative. What do you compare it to? It is *currently* not known to be tied to practices of exploitation (when compared to, for example, the blood diamonds people fight horrific wars over. Substantial deposits of borates (minerals that contain boron) are relatively abundant - again, compared to say, diamonds - but are still a finite resource that involves mining practices with all its historical problematics around stealing land from indigenous peoples, as well as worker's safety and depletion of the earth's resources (which is likely to be downplayed in factsheets from the mines themselves). Boron, California is one of the world's biggest mining sites and is considered one of the safest mining corporations in the U.S. Borax has been found in Chile, Bolivia, Romania and Turkey but can also be synthetically produced from other boron compounds (for which there are many more sources). +Unlike diamonds, borax and alum crystals can be regrown into different constellations infinitely allowing for multiple designs that can be executed reusing the same compound. They are not precious in the way diamonds and are, but pretty brilliant in their own right. -### Sustainability tags +**Sustainability tags** - Renewable ingredients: no - Vegan: yes @@ -152,13 +169,7 @@ Depends what it is compared to. Not so bad compared to blood diamonds but it is Needs further research?: yes, local producers seem reluctant to share sourcing information about these products. It is unclear where it comes from exactly, whether it is natural or synthetic and what kind of mining practices are involved. -## Material properties - -### Comparative qualities - -It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways. Less triangular than for example alum crystals. - -### Technical and sensory properties +##PROPERTIES - **Strength**: medium - **Hardness**: rigid @@ -184,46 +195,26 @@ It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamond - **PH modifiers:** none -## About this entry +##ABOUT -### Maker(s) of this sample +**Maker(s) of this sample** - Name: Loes Bogers - Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam - Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands - Date: 25-02-2020 – 26-02-2020 -### Environmental conditions +**Environmental conditions** - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 -### Recipe validation - -Has recipe been validated? Yes +**Recipe validation** -By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 +Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 -### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency - -2,25 Euros for a 400 ml saturated solution - -## Copyright information - -This is a variation on: **Borax Crystals: How to Grow Giant DIY Borax Crystals** by Tanya for Dans Le Lakehouse, 2015: [link](https://www.danslelakehouse.com/2015/01/diy-borax-crystals.html) - -It is unclear if there is copyright on this material, further research is required. - - -##References - -- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/) -- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: [link](https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining) -- **Borax Crystals: How to Grow Giant DIY Borax Crystals** by Tanya for Dans Le Lakehouse, 2015: [link](https://www.danslelakehouse.com/2015/01/diy-borax-crystals.html) - - -## Images of final product +**Images of the final sample** *Borax crystals on fish wire and textile, Loes Bogers, 2020* @@ -232,5 +223,17 @@ It is unclear if there is copyright on this material, further research is requir *Borax crystal on textile decoration, Loes Bogers, 2020* +##REFERENCES +- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/) +- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: [link](https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining) +- **Borax Crystals: How to Grow Giant DIY Borax Crystals** by Tanya for Dans Le Lakehouse, 2015: [link](https://www.danslelakehouse.com/2015/01/diy-borax-crystals.html) +- **Kinetics of nucleation in solutions**, by Jaroslav Nývlt, Journal of Crystal Growth, Volumes 3–4, 1968: [link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022024868901796) +- **Brunsteiner et al., Toward a Molecular Understanding of Crystal Agglomeration**, Crystal Growth & Design, 2005, 5 (1), pp 3–16: [link](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cg049837m?src=recsys) +- **Crystal Growth Kinetics**, Material Science and Engineering, Volume 65, Issue 1, July 1984: [link](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0025541684901940) +- **Crystallization and Precipitation: Optimize Crystal Size, Yield, and Purity with Crystallization Equipment** by AuthoChem Applications, n.d.:[link](https://www.mt.com/us/en/home/applications/L1_AutoChem_Applications/L2_Crystallization.html) +- **Crystallization**, Wikipedia, n.d. [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization) +- **Boron Operations**, by U.S. Borax Operations, n.d.: [link](https://www.borax.com/borax-operations/boron-california) +- **Borax**, Wikipedia, n.d.[link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax) +- **Borax ( Na2B4O7. 10H2O ) - Sodium Borate - Occurrence, Discovery and Applications** by AZoM, 16 August 2004: [link](https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2588) diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/avodye.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/avodye.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/avodye.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/avodye.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/beetrootdye.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/beetrootdye.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/beetrootdye.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/beetrootdye.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/biomassfillers.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/biomassfillers.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/biomassfillers.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/biomassfillers.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/bluevitriol.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/bluevitriol.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/bluevitriol.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/bluevitriol.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/coffeedye.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/coffeedye.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/coffeedye.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/coffeedye.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/coffeewasteleather.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/coffeewasteleather.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/coffeewasteleather.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/coffeewasteleather.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/out for now/hibiscusdye.md b/docs/files/recipes/in progress/hibiscusdye.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/out for now/hibiscusdye.md rename to docs/files/recipes/in progress/hibiscusdye.md diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/testing.md b/docs/files/test reports/testing.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/files/recipes/testing.md rename to docs/files/test reports/testing.md