diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md
index 9fd4f6d7b8b5e39cd953f82f87c991ccd17c232f..5832fc0af444448c4870143b5e82f3fc8f612824 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/agarcomposite.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 10 days
###Ingredients
* **Agar - 5 g** polymer (makes it hard)
-* **Glycerine - 15 g** plasticizer
+* **Glycerine - 15 g** plasticizer (makes it flexible)
* **Water - 250 ml/g** solvent, to dissolve and heat the agar
* **A piece of textile** large enough to fit over the mold
* **A mold** for example a bowl, or other 2.5D or 3D surface
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md
index cdf4735f3db09bd673873fe5d08ce54bf1d16d35..573962579385f7b547d4ba9f8ec6990c1a6eaa5c 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatefoil.md
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
# ALGINATE FOIL
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vKj-X4PUmIw" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-An alginate based, heat-resistant and waterproof semi-transparent, matte foil
+An alginate based, heat-resistant and waterproof semi-transparent, matte foil. The foil has a feel that can be compared with a window foil (to blind windows but let the light through). It's matte but very translucent. It doesn't crackle or jump back like a lot of other foils.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
-Surfaces
+Surface
Color without additives: semi-transparent, white when layered
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 1 hour (plus resting overnight)
@@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: daily, to check if sheet needs to be taped down to stay in place
Final form achieved after: 7 days
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+1,12 Euros for a yield for a sheet of alginate plastic (about a 50 cm x 12 cm sheet, 2 mm thick)
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
* **Sodium alginate powder - 12 gr**
* the polymeer (so it becomes a solid)
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
* **Calcium chloride solution 10% (10 gr to 100 gr water)**
* is the curing agent: calcium chloride attracts moisture very strongly: spraying it onto the alginate plastic starts the curing process.
-## Tools
+###Tools
1. **Scale**
1. **Spoon**
@@ -50,13 +54,13 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
3. **Painting tape** to tape down if edges of the sheet start to come off of the surface
4. **Kitchen paper** to soak up the water that will be released from the alginate mixture
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+###Yield
-Approx. 200 ml of alginate plastic that can be stored for two weeks and used for any alginate application
+Before processing/drying/curing: approx. 200 ml of alginate plastic that can be stored for two weeks and used for any alginate application
Approx. 100 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginate recipe
-## Method
+###Method
1. **Preparation**
- Weigh your ingredients for the alginate plastic (alginate, glycerine, water, sunflower oil). Optional: use a diluted natural dye instead of water in the same amount for a colored plastic.
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ Approx. 100 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat
- Let it sit for a few minutes, then spray again if you see the liquid is starting to ooze out from the sides. The film that is created in the curing process can break from the weight of the liquid bubble. By respraying you can close these until the sheet is cured enough and stable to dry further.
- The alginate can release quite a lot of water at this stage, so it's wise to place some kitchen paper around it to absorb excess water.
-### Drying/curing/growth process
+###Drying/curing/growth process
- Mold depth: N/A
- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 %
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ trim the edges with scissors or a scalper and ruler if you wish
Not sure
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Preparing the alginate the day before, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -110,14 +114,16 @@ Not sure
*alginate casted onto acrylic sheet, first few minutes of curing, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Replace the water with a (diluted) **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder)
- Add **less glycerine** for a less flexible foil
- Take out the sunflower oil and use 30% less alginate to cast thinner foils
- You can also use this recipe to make composites such as the one described in the [alginate net recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/alginatenet/)
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+###Cultural origins of this recipe
Sodium alginate (E401) is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. It takes no heat but gels when in contact with calcium and acidic media (e.g. calcium chloride and calcium lactate). More commonly, it is used as additive: as stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier and hydration agent in all kinds of processed foods, but cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and even (as thickener) in screen printing).
@@ -125,15 +131,19 @@ Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technolog
**Needs further research?** Yes, on the uses of alginate as a design material and the people who have developed the processes and techniques for it.
-### References this recipe draws from
+###Key sources
The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
-### Known concerns and contestations
+###Copyright information
+
+Raspanti's recipe above was published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
Brown algae are not farmed everywhere in the world and might have to travel significant distances.
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: yes
@@ -147,13 +157,7 @@ Algae have some benefits compared to conventional farming of biomaterials: they
Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-The foil has a feel that can be compared with a window foil (to blind windows but let the light through): it's matte but very translucent. It doesn't crackle or jump back like a lot of other foils.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: medium
- **Hardness**: flexible
@@ -178,39 +182,40 @@ The foil has a feel that can be compared with a window foil (to blind windows bu
- **Surface friction:** medium
- **Color modifiers:** none
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker(s) of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 25-02-2020 – 02-03-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
+**Recipe validation**
-Has recipe been validated? Yes
+By Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
-By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
+**Images of the final sample**
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-1,12 Euros for a yield for a sheet of alginate plastic (about a 50 cm x 12 cm sheet, 2 mm thick)
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Copyright information
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-This is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **Alginate Recipe** by Catherine Euale, Fabricademy 2018-19 [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2019/catherine.euale/projects/P7algae/)
@@ -218,19 +223,6 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
- **Alginic Acid** on Wikipedia: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid)
- **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm)
-## Images of final product
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate foil, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md
index b92b81801373e451a12bfd8ad71dc069daaa3484..d2c3dbf50a264ba4d8bbca56a0b4d9497a21e2d3 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatenet.md
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
# ALGINATE NET
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iQ-Ax3saWJI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-a cotton/wool and alginate-based composite with open structure, molded onto a half dome shape
+a cotton/wool and alginate-based composite with open structure, molded onto a half dome shape. The net is light and springy and feels a little like a thin hemp rope. It jumps right back into shape after squeezing it.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
Solids
Color without additives: color of the yarn used
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 1 hour (plus resting overnight)
@@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: None, just leave it to dry on the mold
Final form achieved after: 7 days
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+0,57 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml alginate plastic (you can make a few nets with that)
+
+##RECIPE
+
+##Ingredients
* **Sodium alginate powder - 6 gr**
* the polymeer (so it becomes a solid)
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
* **Calcium chloride solution 10% (10 gr to 100 gr water)**
* is the curing agent: calcium chloride attracts moisture very strongly: spraying it onto the alginate plastic starts the curing process.
-## Tools
+##Tools
1. **Scale**
1. **Spoon**
@@ -51,13 +55,13 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
1. **Moulds** for shaping the net, e.g. two identical bowls that fit inside one another
2. **Acrylic sheet** to catch the excess alginate mixture (can be scooped up and reused before curing)
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+##Yield
Approx. 200 ml of alginate plastic that can be stored for two weeks and used in many different recipes
Approx. 100 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginate recipe
-## Method
+##Method
1. **Preparation**
- Weigh your ingredients for the alginate plastic (alginate, glycerine, water, sunflower oil). Optional: use a diluted natural dye instead of water in the same amount for a colored plastic.
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ Approx. 100 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat
- Transfer the net onto the mold (a bowl in this case), and place the threads how you want them
- Let it cure until totally dry
-### Drying/curing/growth process
+###Drying/curing/growth process
- Mold depth: N/A
- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 %
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ N/A
Not sure
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Preparing the alginate the day before, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -125,14 +129,15 @@ Not sure
*Letting the alginate net cure and dry on top of a half-dome shape, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder)
- Add **more glycerine** for a more flexible composite
- You can make endless variations with the net design, and also with the mould design you cure the net on.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
**About the material:** Sodium alginate (E401) is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. It takes no heat but gels when in contact with calcium and acidic media (e.g. calcium chloride and calcium lactate). More commonly, it is used as additive: as stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier and hydration agent in all kinds of processed foods, but cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and even (as thickener) in screen printing).
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@ All composites (even simple ones) are engineered materials. One of the great ben
**Needs further research?** Not sure
-### References this recipe draws from
+###Key sources
The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
@@ -152,7 +157,11 @@ The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Re
The technique of alginate net casting is a variation on the experiments documented by **Carolina Delgado** (2020) in her Fabricademy [project page:](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting)
-### Known concerns and contestations
+###Copyright information
+
+All recipes above have been published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
Brown algae are not farmed everywhere in the world and might have to travel significant distances.
@@ -160,7 +169,7 @@ Algae have some benefits compared to conventional farming of biomaterials: they
Further research is required regarding the exact production processes of sodium alginate. More research is needed on the use of sustainable additives to reduce shrinkage and deformation, and decreasing the curing time.
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: yes
@@ -172,13 +181,7 @@ Needs further research?: not sure
Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-The net is light and springy and feels a little like a thin hemp rope. It jumps right back into shape after squeezing it.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: medium
- **Hardness**: flexible
@@ -203,41 +206,33 @@ The net is light and springy and feels a little like a thin hemp rope. It jumps
- **Surface friction:** medium
- **Color modifiers:** none
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker(s) of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 26-02-2020 – 03-03-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
-
-Has recipe been validated? Yes
-
-By Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy Student Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 26 March 2020
+**Recipe validation**
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
+Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy Student Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 26 March 2020
-0,57 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml alginate plastic (you can make a few nets with that)
-
-## Copyright information
+**Images of the final sample**
-This is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). Published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
-
-and:
+*Alginate net, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-**Nature-Based System for Food Packaging** by Caroline Delgado, Fabricademy final project, 2020: [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting). Published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike licence.
+*Alginate net, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **The Science Of Spherification: Theoreticians examine the atomic details of an avant-garde culinary technique"**, by Bethany Halford, Chemical and Engineering News, Volume 92 Issue 42, pp. 35-36, October 2014: https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i42/Science-Spherification.html
@@ -249,13 +244,3 @@ and:
- **Alginic Acid** on Wikipeda: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid)
- **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm)
- **Alginate Bioplastic** by Catherine Euale, Fabricademy 2018-19, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2019/catherine.euale/projects/P7algae/)
-
-
-## Images of final product
-
-*Alginate net, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Alginate net, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-
-
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md
index 5028c03279ed6b68e9f74a8c9c1191f7062bda50..69cd433cd804864772d0b68c92efab144125e1ad 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/alginatestring.md
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
# ALGINATE STRINGS
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpHpZEnu4-M" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-A strong, springy or flexible string (depending on diameter of extruder), alginate based.
+A strong, springy or flexible string (depending on diameter of extruder), alginate based. The string is strong and flexible and is somewhat comparable to thick nylon or rubber cord. It is more flexible than nylon, but stiffer than rubber.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
Strings
Color without additives: matte white, translucent
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 1 hour (plus resting overnight)
@@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: every few hours the first day, to spray more curing agent and re
Final form achieved after: 7 days
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+0,57 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
* **Sodium alginate powder - 6 gr**
* the polymeer (so it becomes a solid)
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
* **Calcium chloride solution 10% - 300 ml (30 gr to 300 gr water)**
* is the curing agent: calcium chloride attracts moisture very strongly: spraying it onto the alginate plastic starts the curing process.
-## Tools
+###Tools
1. **Scale**
1. **Spoon**
@@ -56,13 +60,13 @@ Final form achieved after: 7 days
1. **Spray bottle** (100 ml or more, for the calcium chloride solution)
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+###Yield
-Approx. 200 ml of alginate plastic that can be stored for two weeks and used in many different recipes
+Before processing/drying/curing: approx. 200 ml of alginate plastic that can be stored for two weeks and used in many different recipes
Approx. 300 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginate recipe.
-## Method
+###Method
1. **Preparation**
- Weigh your ingredients for the alginate plastic (alginate, glycerine, water, sunflower oil). Optional: use a diluted natural dye instead of water in the same amount for a colored plastic.
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ Approx. 300 ml of calcium chloride 10% solution that can be used for any alginat
- Let it cure until totally dry, you can take the string off the jar if you want to stretch them out into long straight strings.
-### Drying/curing/growth process
+###Drying/curing/growth process
- Syringe diameter: 2-5 mm
- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 %
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ N/A
Developing tools to extrude evenly and continuously would be useful.
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Extruding into the calcium chloride bath Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -124,15 +128,16 @@ Developing tools to extrude evenly and continuously would be useful.
*The strings slowly starting to dry, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder)
- Add **more glycerine** to try achieve a more flexible string
- Varying with different mouth pieces can generate thicker or thinner strings.
- When these strings are put in water at room temperature for an hour they start to absorb water and the will get soft again. This is to be avoided unless you want the **make the strings longer and thinner** (and more fragile). When you soak them they can be stretch and elongate them by about 30%.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
Sodium alginate (E401) is used a lot in molecular gastronomy, for (reverse) spherification that was patented by William J. S. Peschardt in the 1940s and popularized in the molecular cuisine popularized by Adrian Ferra from restaurant El Bulli. It takes no heat but gels when in contact with calcium and acidic media (e.g. calcium chloride and calcium lactate). More commonly, it is used as additive: as stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier and hydration agent in all kinds of processed foods, but cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and even (as thickener) in screen printing).
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ Alginate plastics are also used a lot in molding and casting of dental technolog
**Needs further research?** Not sure
-### References this recipe draws from
+###Key Sources
The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
@@ -148,11 +153,15 @@ The alginate recipe is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Re
The technique of alginate string extrusion is a variation on the experiments documented by Carolina Delgado (2020) in her Fabricademy [project page:](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/carolina.delgado/projects/final-project/#netting)
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+###Copyright information
+
+All recipes above were published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
Brown algae are not farmed everywhere in the world and might have to travel significant distances.
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: no
@@ -166,12 +175,7 @@ Algae have some benefits compared to conventional farming of biomaterials: they
Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-The string is strong and flexible and is somewhat comparable to thick nylon or rubber cord. It is more flexible than nylon, but stiffer than rubber.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: strong
- **Hardness**: resilient
@@ -197,38 +201,30 @@ The string is strong and flexible and is somewhat comparable to thick nylon or r
- **PH modifiers:** sensitive to alkaline liquids
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker(s) of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 23-03-2020 – 30-03-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
-
-Has recipe been validated? Yes
-
-By Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy student at Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 30 March 2020
-
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
-
-0,57 Euros for a yield of approx 200 ml
+**Recipe validation**
-## Copyright information
+Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Carolina Delgado, Fabricademy student at TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 30 March 2020
-This is a modified version of: **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
+**Images of the final sample**
-It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+*Alginate string, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Flexible Bio-plastic Alginate Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **Alginate yarn**, by Catherine Euale / Anastasia Pistofidou (FabTextiles) Fabricademy 2018-19, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/2019/catherine.euale/projects/P7algae/)
@@ -237,9 +233,5 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
- **Alginic Acid** on Wikipeda: [link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginic_acid)
- **Development of bio-plastic from production technologies from microalgae** by AlgaePARC for Wageningen University & Research, 2012-2016: [link](https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Development-of-bioplastic-production-technologies-from-microalgae.htm)
-## Images of final product
-
-*Alginate string, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
index eee6ed96f8272587b3830b83db3c7953646d80a2..2cbae7efe7a7d537db741d1a3bde3f8fd480df9f 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
# ALUM CRYSTALS ON SILK
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HLB0nJns3U8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*.
+Alum crystals - that have triangular facets - grown on a silk substrate. The technique used here is called *precipitation from a solution*. It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
Surface treatment
Color without additives: transparent and translucent white. (Turns opaque after baking in the oven for 10 minutes at 100 degrees Celcius.)
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 1 Hour
@@ -24,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: None. Leave in a warm place, don't move or touch it.
Final form achieved after: 1 day
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+2,00 Euros for a 400 ml saturated solution
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
* **Alum powder (also: potassium alum - 125 g** (plus some more just in case)
* we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals.
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day
* **Silk - a 10x10cm swatch**
* As a substrate for the alum crystals to attach to
-## Tools
+###Tools
1. **Cooker or kettle**
1. **A piece of silk**
@@ -46,11 +50,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day
1. **Clips** to fasten the silk to the stick
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+###Yield
About 80-100% of the alum powder will attach itself the silk in the form of larger crystals.
-## Method
+###Method
1. **Preparation**
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ About 80-100% of the alum powder will attach itself the silk in the form of larg
- Rinse them under cold tap water and let them dry.
-### Drying/curing/growth process
+###Drying/curing/growth process
- Mold depth: N/A
- Shrinkage thickness: N/A
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ Don't throw away left-over liquid or unused crystals, they can be redissolved a
More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crystals, purple crystals can be achieved by adding some chromium alum powder (or: potassium chromium sulfate dodecahydrate) to the solution.
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Silk inside the bain marie, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crysta
*Alum crystal on an LED (top) turned opaque white after 10 mins in the oven at 100 degrees celcius. On the bottom: a borax crystal [(recipe here)](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/boraxcrystals/), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Add a **colorant** such as black soot ink (other natural dyes are still experimental!)
- Turn your crystals opaque white by putting them in the oven for 10 minutes at 100 degrees celcius.
@@ -126,24 +130,31 @@ More research on colorants could be done. Black soot ink results in black crysta
- Adding conductive paint to the solution creates crystals that can be used as capacitive sensors.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
-Add here
+Needs further research
-**Needs further research?** Not sure
+**Needs further research?** Yes
-### References this recipe draws from
+###Key Sources
This is a variation on: **Alum Crystals** in "Textile as Scaffold" by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+Which in turn refers to: **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: [link](https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/)
+
+###Copyright information
+
+Pistofidou's recipe is published under a Creative Commons Attibution Non-Commercial licence. It is unclear if the original recipe is copyrighted, further research required.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
add here
Depends what it is compared to.. Not so bad compared to blood diamonds but it is still a finite resource that involves mining practices.
-
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: no
- Vegan: yes
@@ -153,13 +164,7 @@ Depends what it is compared to.. Not so bad compared to blood diamonds but it is
Needs further research?: yes, local producers seem reluctant to share sourcing information about these products. It is unclear where it comes from, whether it is natural or synthetic and what kind of mining practices are involved.
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamonds. However these can get so big that it is not really credible that they are diamonds, but they play with light in similar ways.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: medium
- **Hardness**: rigid
@@ -185,45 +190,26 @@ It is clear and faceted with great definition so it is often compared to diamond
- **PH modifiers:** none
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker(s) of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 27-02-2020 – 27-02-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
-
-Has recipe been validated? Yes
+**Recipe validation**
-By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
+Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
-
-2,00 Euros for a 400 ml saturated solution
-
-## Copyright information
-
-This is a variation on: **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: [link](https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/)
-
-It is unclear if this recipe is copyrighted, further research required.
-
-##References
-
-- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/
-- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining
-- **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/
-- **Grow your own simulated diamonds with a big alum crystal**, by Anne Marie Helmenstein for ThoughtCo, 13 February 2018: https://www.thoughtco.com/growing-a-big-alum-crystal-602197
-
-## Images of final product
+**Images of the final sample**
*Large crystals grown on silk, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -237,3 +223,9 @@ It is unclear if this recipe is copyrighted, further research required.
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oRGE_kX80AU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+##REFERENCES
+
+- **Textile as Scaffold** by Anastasia Pistofidou for Fabricademy 30 October 2019. Lecture notes: https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week088/
+- **Dark diamond mining** by EJTech, 25 February 2020: https://wikifactory.com/@ejtech/dark-diamond-mining
+- **Growing Gems Crystal Project** by Home Science Tools Learning Center: https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/growing-gems-crystal-project/
+- **Grow your own simulated diamonds with a big alum crystal**, by Anne Marie Helmenstein for ThoughtCo, 13 February 2018: https://www.thoughtco.com/growing-a-big-alum-crystal-602197
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bacterialdye.md b/docs/files/recipes/bacterialdye.md
index 58d5be2ed6473dd6c07dff1a001214659a070737..a359be142cbf2b880120b8044ddf7d80182977b2 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/bacterialdye.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/bacterialdye.md
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
*Silk dyed with Serratia Marcenscens bacteria, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-An (anti-bacterial) pink bacterial dye grown on LB broth and pure silk.
+An (anti-bacterial) pink bacterial dye grown on LB broth and pure silk. This dye produces bright pink organic patterns on silk that can be guided slightly by creating folding patterns. It is more colorfast than most natural dyes, and can dye synthetic fibres as well (nylon, acrylic. As a bonus: serratia marcescens has antibacterial properties.
***SAFETY NOTE:***
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ Once you start working with the bacteria themselves:
It is very important to work in a sterile way during these processes. When we speak about contaminating the scene, not only might your experiment fail, you also risk growing all sorts of bacteria that you don't want to grow. Be serious about being sterile.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
Pastes, gels & liquids
Color without additives: red/orange or pink in acidic environment.
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 4 hours
@@ -41,7 +41,13 @@ Need attention: not during incubation
Final form achieved after: 3 days
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+17,50 Euros, for a yield of approx. 6 silk scarfs and bacteria that can last infinitely if kept alive. The cost of purchasing the bacteria is about 60 euros but is not included in the cost estimated here because it will approach nihil if used infinitely. 85% of the price mentioned here is for the pure silk chiffon.
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
- **Crunchy Peanut butter** to boost bacterial growth
- **LB broth - 10g**, (on 500 ml + 3/4 tsp of peanutbutter) this is a slightly acidic liquid medium, results in brighter pinks. Standard ratio of 20g/L. This is the growth medium to dye the silk.
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 3 days
- **An incubator** or improvised cabinet that can keep a steady temperature of 26-30 degrees Celcius
-## Tools
+###Tools
- **A precision scale**
- **Petri dishes, small - 12 x** to inoculate the bacteria, can be plastic (but disposable) or glass (sterilize beforehand!)
@@ -70,63 +76,65 @@ Final form achieved after: 3 days
- **An inoculation loop**
- **Kitchen paper**
-## Yield
+###Yield
Approx. 6 silk swatches of 30 x 30 cm and bacteria to last many infinitely if the strain is kept alive.
-## Method
+###Method
+
+#### 1. **Upon arrival of the bacteria**
-### 0. **Upon arrival of the bacteria**
+- Follow the instructions as provided by the vendor. Make sure you purchase a **level 1 type of Serratia Marcenscens**, triple check this to avoid biohazards.
+- Inoculate the bacteria as instructed to use immediately, or store in the freezer on a [66% glycerine stock solution](https://www.addgene.org/protocols/create-glycerol-stock/) to protect and store it. This link also provides the info to revive it.
-Follow the instructions as provided by the vendor. Make sure you purchase a **level 1 type of Serratia Marcenscens**, triple check this to avoid biohazards. Inoculate the bacteria as instructed to use immediately, or store in the freezer on a [66% glycerine stock solution](https://www.addgene.org/protocols/create-glycerol-stock/) to protect and store it. This link also provides the info to revive it.
+#### 2. **Preparation (growth medium & silk)**
-### 1. **Preparation (growth medium & silk)**
+- First we prepare the growth media the bacteria needs, it's like its food. Here we use LB broth because it is liquid. We can suspend our silk in this liquid which is easier than working with jelly.
-First we prepare the growth media the bacteria needs, it's like its food. Here we use LB broth because it is liquid. We can suspend our silk in this liquid which is easier than working with jelly.
+- **Prepare the silk**
+ - Rinse and dry the silk
+ - Cut the silk and scrunch it up into a pattern or scrunch it up.
+ - Secure it with some thread
+ - Put the silk in an autoclave bag or inside a large glass petri dish.
+ - Stick autoclave tape on top.
-**Prepare the silk**
-- Rinse and dry the silk
-- Cut the silk and scrunch it up into a pattern or scrunch it up.
-- Secure it with some thread
-- Put the silk in an autoclave bag or inside a large glass petri dish.
-- Stick autoclave tape on top.
+- **Prepare the growth medium**
+ - Weigh the ingredients for the LB broth with the precision scale.
+ - Put it all in a 500 ml heat-proof glass bottle, add 3/4 teaspoon of peanut butter and shake the liquid to mix. Unscrew the cap again so it sits loosely on top.
+ - Label the growth medium
+ - Put some autoclave tape on top. The diagonal lines turn brown if it's been sterilized properly
-**Prepare the growth medium**
-- Weigh the ingredients for the LB broth with the precision scale.
-- Put it all in a 500 ml heat-proof glass bottle, add 3/4 teaspoon of peanutbutter and shake the liquid to mix. Unscrew the cap again so it sits loosely on top.
-- Label the growth medium
-- Put some autoclave tape on top. The diagonal lines turn brown if it's been sterilized properly
+- **Sterilizing the silk and the growth medium**
-**Sterilizing the silk and the growth medium**
-If you have enough space you can sterilize everything at once. You can even already put the silk and the LB broth together inside a large glass petri dish if you plan to finish all the broth at once .
+ If you have enough space you can sterilize everything at once. You can even already put the silk and the LB broth together inside a large glass petri dish if you plan to finish all the broth at once .
-- Put water in the pressure cooker, place the bottle and the petri dish/bag with silk inside. As guideline: put less water in the pressure cooker than you have in the bottle.
-- Make sure the lid of the glass bottle isn't closed tight, just loosely sitting on top. Otherwise the bottle can explode.
-- Close and lock the lid of the pressure cooker, make sure it is properly secured
-- Turn on the heat. Once the indicator shows that the pan is under pressure (in most cases: a pin that pops out, check the manual), set a timer for 20 minutes. This is the time it takes to sterilize the material.
-- When the time is up, leave the pan to cool. DO NOT OPEN IT WHILE HOT! When you are ready to open, release the steam, screw the glass jar closed and take it out.
-- Do not open any of the bags or glass jars. Keep them sterile.
-- If you don't use up all the broth, make sure it's labeled and store in the fridge. Re-sterilize for the next use.
+ - Put water in the pressure cooker, place the bottle and the petri dish/bag with silk inside. As guideline: put less water in the pressure cooker than you have in the bottle.
+ - Make sure the lid of the glass bottle isn't closed tight, just loosely sitting on top. Otherwise the bottle can explode.
+ - Close and lock the lid of the pressure cooker, make sure it is properly secured
+ - Turn on the heat. Once the indicator shows that the pan is under pressure (in most cases: a pin that pops out, check the manual), set a timer for 20 minutes. This is the time it takes to sterilize the material.
+ - When the time is up, leave the pan to cool. DO NOT OPEN IT WHILE HOT! When you are ready to open, release the steam, screw the glass jar closed and take it out.
+ - Do not open any of the bags or glass jars. Keep them sterile.
+ - If you don't use up all the broth, make sure it's labeled and store in the fridge. Re-sterilize for the next use.
-### 2. **Plating**
+#### 3. **Plating**
Plating is the scientist word for distributing the food onto the plates (or petri dishes), it basically means preparing petri dishes with food in a sterile way, before you add the bacteria you want to grow (see inoculating).
- Use new petri dishes and tape the bag closed if you don't finish a bag. You can use these only once. During the plating: don't talk, don't move! Airflow spreads bacteria and will contaminate your scene.
- Make an empty table and douse the area around the gas burner with denatured alcohol 96%. Keep this area wet with ethanol throughout the process. This will create a *sterile bubble* when the flame is on. Keep all your movements and lids, tools, dishing inside this bubble at all times. Work quickly, don't open the petri dishes more than strictly necessary.
-1. Collect your petri dish(es) so they're close to you
-1. Put the food bottles within reach, they're hot! Use a glove.
-1. Get comfortable and light the gas burner
-1. Keep the rim of the bottle in the flame for a second to sterilize the area you will pour with.
-1. Lift the lid of the petri dish (open it as little as possible and work quickly), pour in some liquid to cover the bottom.
-1. Close the petri dish and move on to the other ones.
-1. Keep the area doused with ethanol, but remember to *point the tip of the bottle away from the flame at all times!*
+ 1. Collect your petri dish(es) so they're close to you
+ 1. Put the food bottles within reach, they're hot! Use a glove.
+ 1. Get comfortable and light the gas burner
+ 1. Keep the rim of the bottle in the flame for a second to sterilize the area you will pour with.
+ 1. Lift the lid of the petri dish (open it as little as possible and work quickly), pour in some liquid to cover the bottom.
+ 1. Close the petri dish and move on to the other ones.
+ s1. Keep the area doused with ethanol, but remember to *point the tip of the bottle away from the flame at all times!*
-### 3. **Inoculating the bacteria (dyeing)**
+#### 4. **Inoculating the bacteria (dyeing)**
-Now we add the bacteria. Again, working in a sterile manner. For this step we assume you've grown some Serratia Marcenscens on a jellified growth material like Nutrient Agar.
+Add the bacteria. Again, working in a sterile manner. For this step we assume you've grown some Serratia Marcenscens on a jellified growth material like Nutrient Agar.
Doors and windows closed, no talking or moving please:
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ Doors and windows closed, no talking or moving please:
1. Seal the plates with *parafilm* by stretching it all around until it overlaps by holding one end with one thumb and pulling the rest around, letting go of the paper bit by bit.
1. Let the incubate for 3 days at 26-30 degrees Celcius.
-### 4. **Terminating the dyeing process (sterilization)**
+#### 5. **Terminating the dyeing process (sterilization)**
Kill the bacteria by sterilizing it using the same process with the pressure cooker
- Add some new autoclave tape on top of the dish
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@ Kill the bacteria by sterilizing it using the same process with the pressure coo
- Wash the dishes, clean up the workspace.
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Finding a way to fold the silk, Loes Bogers, 2019*
@@ -183,14 +191,16 @@ Kill the bacteria by sterilizing it using the same process with the pressure coo
 *Detail of the bacteria pattern, Loes Bogers, 2019*
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations on this recipe
- instead of letting the bacteria grow directly on the silk, grow it in a petri dish and extract its pigment using alcohol as a solvent. In addition you will need test tubes and glass lab tubes. See [Bea Sandini's Fabricademy documentation](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/beatriz.sandini/assignments/week04/#8-harvesting-the-bacteria-color-aka-killing-your-babies)
- Laura Luchtman en Ilfa Siebenhaar developed technique using audiofrequencies to create an evenly dyed textile. See also: [link](https://livingcolour.eu/experiments/)
- A very simple but elegant way of cooking growth media is by using agar, dextrose and the corn starch that is released when boiling pototoes. This method was documented by the Centre for Genomic Gastronomy as part of their Rare Endophytes Collectors Club [link](http://www.endophyte.club/how-to/2-make-agar-plates). This is not tested but worth a try!
- If growing pigments has tickled your interest it is also worth looking into fungal dyes.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
Before synthetic dyes were invented, people dyed fibres with dyes and inks from natural resources like plants, flowers, seeds, barks, insects, blood, clay and other (in)organic material. Dyes that can be achieved with synthetic dye are convenient and can provide very strong colors on protein (animal-based), cellulose (plant-based) as well as synthetic fibres (which natural dyes cannot).
@@ -198,33 +208,29 @@ As more awareness has been raised to acknowledge the heavy pollution not to ment
**Needs further research?** Not sure
-### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes
+###Key Sources
**Bioshades**, by Cecilia Raspanti et.al., for Textile and Clothing Business Labs (TCBL.EU) and Textile Lab Waag, 2016-2019, [link](https://bioshades.bio)
+
+###Copyright information
+
+The Bioshades recipe above was published under a [Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
-### Known concerns and contestations
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
Serratia Marcescens has been associated with some forms of biological warfare. Setting up a small lab can still get expensive and unaccessible for some but does not need to be complex and will become cheaper with scale.
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: yes
- Made of by-products or waste: no
- Biocompostable final product: yes
-- Re-use: the inoculated bacteria strain can be reused a lot or the pigment may be harvested to store as an ink or dye.
+- Re-use: the inoculated bacteria strain can be used and grown again and again endlessly if it is kept alive or stored in the freezer on a glycerine stock. The pigment may be continually harvested to store as an ink or dye.
-Needs further research?: Yes
+Needs further research?: not sure
-How much pigment can be harvested from one inoculated dish?
-
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-This dye produces bright pink organic patterns on silk that can be guided slightly by creating folding patterns. It is more colorfast than most natural dyes, and can dye synthetic fibres as well (nylon, acrylic. As a bonus: serratia marcescens has antibacterial properties.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Color fastness:** high
- **Light fastness:** high
@@ -234,37 +240,33 @@ This dye produces bright pink organic patterns on silk that can be guided slight
- **Antibacterial**: yes
- **Suitable fibres**: animal-based, plant-based, synthetic
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 20-10-2019 - 23-10-2019
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Humidity: not sure
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
-
-Has recipe been validated?
+**Environmental conditions**
-Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
+Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
+**Images of the final sample**
-17,50 Euros, for a yield of approx. 6 silk scarfs and bacteria that can last infinitely if kept alive. The cost of purchasing the bacteria is about 60 euros but is not included in the cost estimated here because it will approach nihil if used infinitely. 85% of the price mentioned here is for the pure silk chiffon.
-
-## Copyright information
+*Silk dyed with serratia marcescens, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-This recipe was originally published under a [Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) as part of the project **Bioshades**, by Cecilia Raspanti et.al., Textile and Clothing Business Labs (TCBL.EU) and Textile Lab Amsterdam Waag, 2016-2019, [link](https://bioshades.bio)
+*Silk dyed with serratia marcescens, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Bacterial Dyes - Biochromes** by Cecilia Raspanti for Fabricademy 2019-2020, Class slides [link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ar8j0cJntsFiBxdnrhqTA_9lgDDzB1Wg/view?usp=sharing)
- **Bioshades**, by Cecilia Raspanti et.al., for Textile and Clothing Business Labs (TCBL.EU) and Textile Lab Amsterdam Waag, 2016-2019, [link](https://bioshades.bio)
@@ -277,13 +279,6 @@ This recipe was originally published under a [Creative Commons Attribution Share
- **Creating Bacterial Glycerol Stocks for Long-term Storage of Plasmids** by AddGene: [link](https://www.addgene.org/protocols/create-glycerol-stock/)
-### Images of final product
-
-*Silk dyed with serratia marcescens, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Silk dyed with serratia marcescens, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
index 9172cada471da5986e849a8a585c59f806dc09e8..dd6bb40353a7f378c0fe8d9b331b213f248e39b1 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
# CLAY FROM BANANA PEELS
-
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/96nT6wQYAoI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-A fibrous, clay-like material made from banana peels
+A fibrous, clay-like material made from banana peels. Although technically this would be considered a polymeer, the look and feel of this material is clay like and has a rough surface: like a clay with fibres added to it. It smells very strong during cooking, much less after drying. It smells and feels a little similar to rubber, maybe slightly earthier.
-### Physical form
+**Physical form**
Surfaces
Color without additives: dark brown with lighter strands of fibre
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 3 hours
@@ -25,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: every day to alternate pressing and drying
Final form achieved after: 1 week
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+0,10 Euros, for a yield of one slab of approx. 10 x 10cm, 2 mm thick.
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
* **banana peels - 7 pcs** mush scraped out, stems chopped off, you can dry them while collecting. Once boiled they get sticky. The starch is the polymer, the fibres give strength to the material.
* **white vinegar - 50 ml**
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
* **glycerine - 15 gr** plasticizer (to make it more flexible)
-## Tools
+###Tools
1. **Oven**
1. **A blender**
@@ -48,11 +51,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
1. Optional: moulds
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+###Yield
Approx. 75 grams (when wet)
-## Method
+###Method
1. **Preparing the banana peels**
- Remove the pulp if you haven't done so, and cut off the stems, they're very hard to puree.
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ Approx. 75 grams (when wet)
- Trim fraying edges with scissors before the slab is completely dry and hard.
-### Drying/curing/growth process
+###Drying/curing/growth process
The air drying phase of at least three days is crucial here. The slab will still be very moist after the oven time. It will be fragile when you take it out but gets a lot stronger as it air dries.
@@ -104,7 +107,8 @@ Keep an eye on it (even after a week). If it continues to curl up, keep it press
Not sure, the function of the vinegar and soda ash is not entirely clear and could be further reserached.
-### Process
+###Process picures
+
*Collecting banana peels, Loes Bogers, 2020*
*Boiling the peels with vinegar and soda ash (it's better to chop them first to help shorten the fibres), Loes Bogers, 2020*
*Soaking the blended peels in cold water with vinegar for 2 hours, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ Not sure, the function of the vinegar and soda ash is not entirely clear and cou
*The top after pressing and baking, Loes Bogers, 2020*
*The bottom after pressing and baking, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Use a 3D mould for to make 3D objects
- Make thicker slabs - or thinner
@@ -125,7 +129,9 @@ Not sure, the function of the vinegar and soda ash is not entirely clear and cou
- Others have spread the paste thinly onto a ceramic tile (substitute with a pizza stone perhaps?) and then baked. This would require processing the fibres into a finer paste.
- Research the use of **sorbitol** (an artificial sweetener made from potatoes or fruit) as a *plasticizer* to replace the glycerol. It is suggested to create different properties in the materials.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
Unlike the fibres and starches in peels used here, the *fibres of banana plants* have a long history of being used to produce textiles. This banana textile crafts and industry is said to have developed first in the Phillipines, a country with a longstanding banana industry and banana textile crafts history. Especially the inner part of the banana bark is a desirable fibre that can be transformed into silk-like alternatives. The outer part of the bark results in rougher fibres and is commonly used to produce mats, ropes, or bags. India and other countries in Asia with large banana production facilities also produce banana fibres for textile.
@@ -135,19 +141,23 @@ This recipe departs from that heritage however, in that it doesn't use the fibre
The use of banana peels as a resource is less well documented than that of the fibres of banana plants. Its origins could be further researched. The process, using soda ash and vinegar and its functions could be researched further.
-### This recipe draws together information from these other recipes
+###Key Sources
- **Banana Bioplastic** by Mattia Massetti (Sperim Design) on Youtube, 20 November 2018: [link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ielBPntT5W8)
and to a lesser extent the articles mentioned under "references".
-### Known concerns and contestations
+###Copyright information
+
+It is unclear what kind of copyrights apply, further research is required.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
In order for bananas (and their peels) to arrive to say, Europe they will have inevitably travels many many miles. The fact that they can be shipped while still unripe, and continue to ripen - for consumption - allows them to be transported by sea rather than air, which is seen as an advantage. As fruit waste is huge in affluent countries, there's likely to also be a lot of banana waste (further research needed), and peels may be acquired from businesses that process bananas at a large scale. One might still wonder whether the consumption exotic fruits should be reduced.
That said, agricultural production is not always done sustainably, and synthetic pesticides and/or harsh labour conditions can be issues anywhere in the world, whether a product is made from biomass, and/or food waste or not. The entire chain deserves our attention.
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: yes
@@ -159,14 +169,7 @@ Needs further research?: Yes, on reusability
Should not be recycled as part of PET-plastics waste: this causes contamination of the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow.
-
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-Although technically this would be considered a polymeer, the look and feel of this material is clay like and has a rough surfcae. Like a clay with fibres added to it. It smells very strong during cooking, much less after drying. It smells and feels a little similar to rubber, like a shoe sole but slightly earthier.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: strong
- **Hardness**: resilient
@@ -191,40 +194,36 @@ Although technically this would be considered a polymeer, the look and feel of t
- **Surface friction:** medium
- **Color modifiers:** none
+##ABOUT
-## About this entry
-
-### Maker of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 29-03-2020 - 05-04-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Humidity: not sure
- Outside temp: 11-15 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18-22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
-
-Has recipe been validated?
+**Recipe validation**
-Not yet.
+Has recipe been validated? Not yet.
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
+**Images of the final sample**
-0,10 Euros, for a yield of one slab of approx. 10 x 10cm, 2 mm thick.
+*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Copyright information
+*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-This is a variation on: - **Banana Bioplastic** by Mattia Massetti (Sperim Design) on Youtube, 20 November 2018: [link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ielBPntT5W8)
+*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-It is unclear what kind of copyrights apply, further research is required.
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Bio-plastic (Generating Plastic From Banana Peels)** by Manasi Ghamande et.al. International Conference on New Frontiers of Engineering, Management, Social Sciences and Humanities in Pune, India, 25 February 2018: [link](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjDy9Pv89PoAhXBwKQKHTxcDR0QFjACegQIEBAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.conferenceworld.in%2F25FebEMSSH%2F9.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2L2gr8pv0lwNsD1ghDL7_4)
- **The Development of Banana Peel/Corn starch Bioplastic film: a Preliminary Study** by Noor Fatimah Kader Sultan and Wan Lutfi Wan Johari in Bioremediation Science & Technology Research, Vol. 5, Nr 1, 2017: [link](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjJ7PHx89PoAhVQC-wKHcV7CIUQFjADegQIARAV&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2Fd946%2Fffca5aa145cbcf1b9606198a3fe02342a9d1.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2fRKlJy9B8P7SB5J6VvF94)
@@ -235,12 +234,4 @@ It is unclear what kind of copyrights apply, further research is required.
- **Are Bananas the new Building Material?** by Construction Manager Magazine, 12 October 2017: [link](http://www.constructionmanagermagazine.com/insight/arup-predicts-bananas-and-potatoes-will-be-used-bu/)
- **Analysis of Properties of Concrete Using Dried Banana Peel Powder as Admixture** by Vishal Gadgihalli, Sindhu Shankar, S.C. Sharma, P. Dinakar in International Journal of Research Granthaalayah, 5(11), November 2017: pp. 351-354: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323308261_ANALYSIS_OF_PROPERTIES_OF_CONCRETE_USING_DRIED_BANANA_PEEL_POWDER_AS_ADMIXTURE)
-### Images of final product
-
-*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Banana peel clay, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md
index 14afee8f4e12025ce5863510dd893906c4b8175a..764311ce897801f617306be4f6d3ae1a95d3e000 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
# BIOFOAM
-
-### Tactility & sound impression
-
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zF549LrD2Nc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
-### Description
+##GENERAL INFORMATION
-A thin, textured sheet, and half domes of foamy, flexible bioplastic. Gelatine-based.
+A thin, textured sheet, and half domes of foamy, flexible bioplastic. Gelatine-based. The biofoam feels like the foam-like packaging materials sometimes used for shipping fragile goods or thick foamy kitchen cloth. It feels colder to the touch and is slightly stickier. The upside shows visible bubbles, but the mold-facing side feels very smooth if the mold had a smooth surface. It somewhat keeps the smell of the dishwashing liquid and smells less like wet dog than other gelatin-based bioplastics.
-### Physical form
+The foam half domes are more rigid when completely dried, but still allow for some squeezing and feel foamy.
+
+**Physical form**
Surfaces, Solids
-### Fabrication time
+**Fabrication time**
Preparation time: 1 Hour
@@ -23,7 +22,13 @@ Need attention: after 3 days to demold, and keep pressed. After another 2 days t
Final form achieved after: 1 week
-## Ingredients
+**Estimated cost (consumables)**
+
+0,50 Euros for a yield of approx 150 ml
+
+##RECIPE
+
+###Ingredients
* **Gelatine powder - 12 gr**
* Functions as the polymeer (makes it hard)
@@ -34,8 +39,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
* **Dishwashing soap (organic) - 1 tsp**
* Is the expanding agent that makes the mixture foamy
-
-## Tools
+###Tools
1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled)
1. **Pot**
@@ -45,12 +49,11 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
1. **Lego sheet** (or other textured surface)
1. **Egg holders** (or other mold), these came with my fridge
-
-## Yield before processing/drying/curing
+###Yield
Approx. 150 ml
-## Method
+###Method
1. **Preparation**
@@ -76,7 +79,6 @@ Approx. 150 ml
- The material will shrink a lot so make the layer thicker than you want the end result to be.
- Let it dry for 48-72 hours at least before releasing
-
### Drying/curing/growth process
Peel it off the mold after 48-72 hours. The foam should not feel cold to the touch, then it's still drying. Pinch off the more fragile sides first to create some grip. Then pull it off carefully, pulling upwards.
@@ -113,8 +115,7 @@ Store flat in a dry and ventilated room.
Yes. Casting solids or smooth surface might require a different process to prevent deformation.
-
-### Process
+###Process pictures
*Mixing the ingredients at 80 degrees, Loes Bogers, 2020*
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ Yes. Casting solids or smooth surface might require a different process to preve
*Pressing the sheet underneath some books to keep it flat, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Variations on this recipe
+###Variations
- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder)
- Add **less glycerine** for a rigid foam, add more for a flexible foam (up to 1 part glycerine, 1 part gelatine and a dash of water)
@@ -136,7 +137,9 @@ Yes. Casting solids or smooth surface might require a different process to preve
- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, chalk or egg shells can be added to prevent additional shrinkage.
- Soaking the foam model in water for 2 hours and then letting it dry again makes it firmer. First it expands, then it shrinks again and gets quite rigid.
-### Cultural origins of this recipe
+##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
+
+**Cultural origins of this recipe**
Bioplastic production is older than petrol-based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy.
@@ -144,16 +147,21 @@ Plastics are man-made polymers that can be produced with petrol-based compounds
In short: not all plastics are petrol-based. Henry Ford experimented with plastics made from soya beans as early as 1941. Common plastics like celluloid and PLA - are also biobased but are not necessarliy better in terms of reducing pollution: The time and conditions they require to decompose and be reabsorbed in nature are crucial in determining how sustainable plastics are.
-
**Needs further research?** Not sure
-### References this recipe draws from
+###Key Sources
- **Biofoam Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **Biofoam Recipe** by Maria Viftrup (TextileLab, Waag), biofoam sample from the material archive, 2017.
-- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtextiles, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_).
+- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtextiles, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), February 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_).
-### Known concerns and contestations\*
+###Copyright information
+
+Raspanti & Viftrup's recipes are published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
+
+Copyright or licence on Davis' work is unclear, further research required.
+
+##ETHICS & SUSTAINABILITY
Needs further research
@@ -161,8 +169,7 @@ Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use res
Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point.
-
-### Sustainability tags
+**Sustainability tags**
- Renewable ingredients: yes
- Vegan: no
@@ -174,15 +181,7 @@ Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some wa
Needs further research?: not sure
-## Material properties
-
-### Comparative qualities
-
-The biofoam feels like the foam-like packaging materials sometimes used for shipping fragile goods or thick foamy kitchen cloth. It feels colder to the touch and is slightly stickier. The upside shows visible bubbles, but the mold-facing side feels very smooth if the mold had a smooth surface. It somewhat keeps the smell of the dishwashing liquid and smells less like wet dog than other gelatin-based bioplastics.
-
-The foam half domes are more rigid when completely dried, but still allow for some squeezing and feel foamy.
-
-### Technical and sensory properties
+##PROPERTIES
- **Strength**: variable (can be quite strong, depending on thickness and curing time)
- **Hardness**: medium/variable (depends on thickness, curing time and amount of glycerine)
@@ -207,39 +206,38 @@ The foam half domes are more rigid when completely dried, but still allow for so
- **Surface friction:** sliding
- **Color modifiers:** none
-## About this entry
+##ABOUT
-### Maker(s) of this sample
+**Maker(s) of this sample**
- Name: Loes Bogers
- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam
- Location: Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Date: 19-02-2020 – 26-02-2020
-### Environmental conditions
+**Environmental conditions**
- Humidity: not sure
- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius
- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius
- PH tap water: 7-8
-### Recipe validation
+**Recipe validation**
-Has recipe been validated? Yes
+Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
-By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020
+**Images of the final sample**
-### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency
+*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-0,50 Euros for a yield of approx 150 ml
+*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-## Copyright information
+*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-This is a variation on **Biofoam (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
+*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
-##References
+##REFERENCES
- **Biofoam Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (TextileLab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating Materials", 2017-2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/).
- **Biofoam Recipe** by Maria Viftrup (TextileLab, Waag), biofoam sample from the material archive, 2017.
@@ -250,14 +248,3 @@ It is published under an Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial licence.
- **Seaweeds can be a new source of bioplastics** by Rajendran, N, Sharanya Puppala, Sneha Raj M., Ruth Angeeleena B., and Rajam, C. in Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12 March 2012: [link](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258495452_Seaweeds_can_be_a_new_source_for_bioplastics)
-## Images of final product
-
-*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-*Biofoam (gelatin-based), Loes Bogers, 2020*
-
-