diff --git a/docs/files/backups/~$RM_recipe_review.docx b/docs/files/backups/~$RM_recipe_review.docx
deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
index 30addc200c4e482dffd595c053b74e1c6ad20b1e..2e5a82e0d54969b1e650598912b505e8768b18e7 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/alumcrystalsilk.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 day
###Ingredients
-* **Alum powder (also: potassium aluminium sulfate, potash alum, or - 125 g** (plus some more just in case)
+* **Alum powder - 125 g** (potassium aluminium sulfate or potash alum), plus some more just in case
* we will try to reorganize these molecules into crystals.
* **Water - 400 ml/gr**
* To dissolve the alum powder and reorganize into a crystal
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
index 2d9dd943f384e2db33d4e0873675b5f34bd841a6..a495e01f4907b519e838b78ce3c6e9d792573a39 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/bananaclay.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
* **banana peels - 7 pcs** stems chopped off, you can dry them while collectinga batch. Once boiled they get sticky. The starch is the polymer, the fibres give strength to the material.
* **white vinegar - 50 ml**
-* **1 tbsp soda ash** - to rinse and break down the banana peel
+* **1 tbsp soda ash** (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), to rinse and break down the banana peel
* **white vinegar (part two) - 30 ml**
* **glycerine - 15 gr** plasticizer (to make it more flexible)
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/fishskin.md b/docs/files/recipes/fishskin.md
index 6cad3d302a6382faa1427945324866e646d9b6a0..b99081800dfa6d0c70ca90da71f2ee8456f88740 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/fishskin.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/fishskin.md
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week
* **Fresh uncooked fish skins**, e.g. salmon skins
* the amounts below are enough for 1 large fish skin
* **Denatured alcohol 96%** - 200 ml
- * helps to penetrate the skin
+ * stabilizer: denatures ("kills") and removes the collagen from the cells to prevent the tissue from rotting and disintegrating after drying
* optional: substitute part of the alcohol with a mix of alcohol and a natural alcohol-based ink)
* **Glycerine** - 200 ml
- * to maintain moisture content in the skin, avoid excess drying.
+ * lubricant: softens the leather and adds flexibility
* **Dish washing soap (eco)** - 5 ml
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/flowerpaper.md b/docs/files/recipes/flowerpaper.md
index b8664ec3e39b64a25d9362b00fde1f893e5b1056..d75d71303d0a3c2a63c45f94ed2719cc3f452c8c 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/flowerpaper.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/flowerpaper.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 2-4 weeks
* **Bouquet of withered flowers**, the ones the florist throws away
* Flowers will provide the cellulose and fibres to make the paper
-* **Soda ash** (carbonate soda), 15 g
+* **Soda ash** (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), 15 g
* To wash off dirt and grit
* **Water**, enough to cover the dried flowers
* **a coffee filter** to filter the fine particles from the flower dye
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/kombuchapaper.md b/docs/files/recipes/kombuchapaper.md
index f92e4d31a62a1f47d40a7ea94c51a031db3d78f4..b9abf37df73f4e573c56a62576c830bf89312b6b 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/kombuchapaper.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/kombuchapaper.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
##GENERAL INFORMATION
-This is a thin translucent bacterial cellulose material resembling paper, made of a dried 3-5mm kombucha SCOBY. The kombucha paper is translucent, sometimes with visible traces of the yeast and bacteria strings. The color varies with the liquid the SCOBY was grown in. It is comparable to parchment paper or tracing paper in terms of sound and translucence, but has less uniform shape, thickness and color. Yeast strains that may be browner etc, give the finished product a type of "grain" like wood or leather might have.
+This is a thin translucent bacterial cellulose material resembling paper, made of a dried 3-5mm kombucha SCOBY cellulose pellicle. The kombucha paper is translucent, sometimes with visible traces of the yeast and bacteria strings. The color varies with the liquid the SCOBY was grown in. It is comparable to parchment paper or tracing paper in terms of sound and translucence, but has less uniform shape, thickness and color. Yeast strains that may be browner etc, give the finished product a type of "grain" like wood or leather might have.
**Physical form**
@@ -29,14 +29,13 @@ Final form achieved after: 5 days
###Ingredients
-* **Kombucha SCOBY** - 1 piece of 3-5 mm thickness, grow one with [this recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchascoby)
+* **Kombucha SCOBY pellicle** - 1 piece of 5-7 mm thickness for paper-like materials, or 8-15 mm for leather-like material. Grow one with [this recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchascoby)
* **Coconut oil** - 1 tbsp (15 ml)
* **Beeswax, melted** - 1 tbsp (15 ml)
###Tools
1. **Gloves**
-1. **Mask**
1. **A glass jar**, to mix the treatment
1. **A pot**, big enough to put the glass jar in (bain marie)
1. **A spoon**, for stirring
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ One sheet of kombucha paper.
1. **Applying the water-proofing treatment**
- - Place the kombucha sheet on a smooth surface for drying
+ - Place the kombucha pellicle on a smooth surface for drying
- Apply the coconut oil/beeswax mixture to one side of the kombucha sheet with a brush or with your fingers. Massage it in.
- Let the kombucha sheet dry for a few days
- Peel the sheet off, turn over, and apply the treatment to the other side.
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ Do not peel it the kombucha scoby off the silicone mat in between stages. Just l
None, any flexible surface to dry the sheet on will work fine as long as you can peel it off (don't use acrylic or glass sheets, it will get stuck). Use vaseline as release agents for other types of moulds.
**Minimum wait time before releasing from mold**
-3-5 days or when dry
+3-7 days or when dry
**Post-processing**
Keep pressed for a few more days. Store dry and flat, add some rice as desiccant.
@@ -103,11 +102,12 @@ Not sure
###Variations
-- The same process can be used to create more leather-like sheets. Follow the exact same recipe but use a SCOBY that grew into 10-15 mm thickness instead of 3-5mm.
+- The same process can be used to create more leather-like sheets. Follow the exact same recipe but use a SCOBY that grew into 8-15 mm thickness instead of 3-5mm.
- The kombucha paper takes on the shape it dries in, try drying the paper on top of a mold to let it dry and contract into a 3D shape. Use vaseline as a release agent.
- Dye the pellicle before oiling and drying, by dipping it into a concentrated natural dye. It takes on dye quite well.
- Other treatments have been suggested to make the leatherlike pellicles more water resistant. Without a sealant, the kombucha could become sticky if worn in the rain. Full water resistance can be achieved if using acrylic or oil based sealers, but then the material is no longer safely biodegradable. One such variation consists of one part turpentine, one part boiled linseed oil and one part bees wax (see also th34d5 in the references).
- Other alternatives can be found in treatments for wooden chopping boards (food safe!). [Uulki wood oil & wax](https://www.uulki.com/en/shop/uulki-natural-wood-wax-cutting-boards/) is one that creates nice smooth results when applied to the wet pellicle. It's a Belgian product and is 100% vegan (if you don't want to use bees wax), and contains no mineral oils or solvents. Apply this treatment **after** drying.
+- If your SCOBY pellicles are very uneven, you can also puree them with a blender, and spread the puree out to dry. Apply after-treatment when dry in this case.
##ORIGINS & REFERENCES
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ Needs further research?: Not sure
- **Stickiness**: low
- **Weather resistance:** needs further research
- **Acoustic properties:** needs further research
-- **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research
-- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research
+- **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research (anti-microbial properties have been suggested)
+- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research (bio-compatibility has been suggested)
- **Electrical properties:** needs further research
- **Heat resistance:** low
- **Water resistance:** water resistant after treatment
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/kombuchascoby.md b/docs/files/recipes/kombuchascoby.md
index 3e44b54a89d4004f8eb6d7cd7bbe410a527e437e..1a2ba9b8de0998876a909fff7d2f45c7d017b722 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/kombuchascoby.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/kombuchascoby.md
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
# KOMBUCHA SCOBY
-*A young kombucha SCOBY, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+*A young kombucha SCOBY pellicle, Loes Bogers, 2020*
##GENERAL INFORMATION
-This is a recipe to grow a living microbial culture, also called a kombucha SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast) that can be used to ferment sugary tea, transforming sugars into acids. It can also be used as a material in and of itself, for leather alternatives and paper-like thin materials. Following this procedure will grow a thin SCOBY to start with, it will get thicker as you start to use it more. See also this [recipe for Kombucha Paper](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchapaper/).
+This is a recipe to grow a cellulose pellicle from a living microbial culture. The bacteria cultivated here is called *acetobacter* and can be found in a fermented tea drink called kombucha. This recipe describes how to cultivate a kombucha SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast), which is often used to ferment sugary tea, because it can transform sugars into acids. Acetobacter is a bacteria strain that requires oxygen to live and grow; it is *aerobic*. As a result it slowly forms a cellulose pellicle where the liquid is in contact with air (i.e. at the surface).
+
+When dried, the cellulose pellicle can be used as leather alternatives and paper-like thin materials. Following this procedure will grow a thin pellicle to start with, it will get thicker as you start to use it more. See also this [recipe for Kombucha Paper](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchapaper/).
+
+*Note: this recipe is meant to provide tips on how to make a microbial _material_. Whereas the process is safe to do, it does not cover a process for human consumption per se, and cannot guarantee food safe practices. Don't consume your SCOBY or kombucha tea until you have thoroughly informed yourself on safe fermentation processes. When in doubt, throw it out.*
**Physical form**
@@ -24,27 +28,27 @@ Final form achieved after: 3-5 weeks if all goes well.
**Estimated cost (consumables)**
-Approx. 6,15 Euros for a yield of initially two, but eventually infinite SCOBYs if kept alive with more sugar and tea or other nutrient.
+Approx. 6,15 Euros for a yield of initially two, but eventually infinite cellulose pellicles if kept alive with more sugar and tea or other nutrient.
##RECIPE
###Ingredients
-There are various ways to do this and different methods work for different people, also depending on the temperature in your home. Here we use the living culture from store-bought kombucha and add some extra nutrients by preparing some sugary black tea for it to grow a little faster. The ratio is 2:1 kombucha, sugary tea.
+There are various ways to do this and different methods work for different people, also depending on the temperature in your home. Here we use the living culture from store-bought kombucha and add some extra nutrients by preparing some sugary black tea for it to grow a little faster. This recipe helps you start, but growing a healthy culture can take multiple cycles, so don't give up!
Try to work as sterile as possible throughout.
* **Kombucha drink with live culture (raw), without flavouring**
* used here: Yaya Kombucha Original (Ekoplaza supermarket)
* 660 ml (2x 330 ml) or just make sure to make a 2:1 ratio of raw kombucha and sugary tea).
- * we will cultivate the live bacteria in the drink and grow them into a solid SCOBY
+ * we will cultivate the live bacteria in the drink and grow them into a solid cellulose pellicle
* some say it's best to find a bottle that already has some blobs of culture (baby scoby's) sitting at the bottom.
-* **Denatured alcohol 96%** to desinfect all your tools and pots
-* **Two large round coffee filters** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
+* **Denatured alcohol 96%, or white vinegar** to desinfect all your tools and pots
+* **Two large round coffee filters**, or clean cloth like a tea towel, to prevent contamination by fruit flies
* **Two rubber bands** to prevent contamination by fruit flies
* **Water - 330 ml**, to make black tea
* **1 tea bag of black tea**, organic simple black tea such as ceylon, darjeeling or English breakfast are good options.
-* **(organic) sugar - 30 g**, just plain white sugar is best.
+* **(organic) sugar - 30 g**, white sugar or cane sugar.
* Optional: a splash of vinegar if your water is alkaline
###Tools
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ Try to work as sterile as possible throughout.
1. **Two glass jars** try to get a wider ones, min 10 cm diameter
1. **A pot**
1. **Kitchen paper**
-1. **Anti-bacterial soap and kitchen towels** to wash your hands
+1. **Anti-bacterial soap** to wash your hands
1. **A scale**
1. **A spoon**
1. **A thermometer**
@@ -60,14 +64,14 @@ Try to work as sterile as possible throughout.
###Yield
-2 SCOBY's if all goes well. They will grow the same size and shape as the diameter of the jars you grown them in.
+2 cellulose pellicles if all goes well. They will grow the same size and shape as the diameter of the jars you grown them in.
###Method
1. **Create a sterile environment**
- Wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds
- - Sterilize all your tools with 95% denatured alcohol
+ - Sterilize all your tools with 95% denatured alcohol or white vinegar.
- If you don't have alcohol: sterilize with hot water. Don't put cold glass inside hot water! It will break. Heat up slowly.
1. **Prepare the sugary tea**
@@ -85,28 +89,23 @@ Try to work as sterile as possible throughout.
- Seal them with a coffee filter and a rubber band to prevent fruit flies from going in. You don't want their larvae in your SCOBY. You want to ensure air flow without letting any bugs in. You can also do this with a clean cloth, but make sure the mesh is small enough.
1. **Let it grow**
- - Put it in a warm place but away from direct sunlight (preferably in the dark), and leave it for 2-3 weeks, or until it has grown 5 mm thick (to use for paper) or closer to 10-15 mm thick, to grow for leather-like pellicles.
+ - Put it in a warm place but away from direct sunlight (preferably in the dark, like a cupboard), and leave it for 2-3 weeks, or until it has grown 5-8 mm thick (to create paper-like cellulose) or closer to 10-15 mm thick, to grow for leather-like pellicles.
- Do NOT move the jars, the pellicle will sink and you will have to start over
- Check regularly for unusual growth. Ideally your SCOBY becomes a thick white-ish film floating on top of the liquid. But it takes many forms and can definitely look funny. Learn how to discriminate between a heathy SCOBY and fungal or yeast growth. The resources from [Kombucha Camp](https://www.kombuchakamp.com/kombucha-mold-information-and-pictures) are a good starting point.
1. **Use your SCOBY**
- - If it has grown to a thickness of minimum 5 mm you can use your SCOBY to make paper or leather (or kombucha tea) see [this recipe for Kombucha paper](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchapaper/)
- - You can also use your SCOBY to grow more SCOBYs: - wash your hands and sterilyze your tools again?
- - cut a 5x5 cm square (approx.) off your SCOBY
- - prepare another jar of sugary tea and seal as described above
-
- - If not, give it some more time. Or feed your SCOBY to let it grow bigger:
- - sterilize everything and wash your hands again thoroughly
- - prepare another jar of sugary tea as described above, let it cool to 30 degrees.
- - then add the SCOBY and half of the growing water and let it rest for three more weeks. Your SCOBY will grow bigger the more often you use it to make kombucha.
-
+ - If it has grown to a thickness of minimum 5 mm you can use your SCOBY pellicle to make paper or leather (or kombucha tea) see [this recipe for Kombucha paper](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/kombuchapaper/). Take it out with clean hands!
+ - and/or: re-use the liquid to grow more pellicles, it now has more living culture in it.
+ - wash your hands and sterilize your tools again?
+ - make some more sugary tea as described above and add it to the liquid from the previous brew. Use at least 25-75% sour liquid from a previous brew (it smells like vinegar). More mature culture = faster pellicle growth.
+ - instead of adding tea, you can also continue brewing by adding sugar and beer. You don't need to dissolve the sugar.
###Drying/curing/growth process
It is important not to disturb the SCOBY, just leave it in peace. Use glass jars so you can peek inside without touching it. Check for irregular growth. Start over if unsure.
-- Mold depth and diameter: height = 20 cm or less, diameter = 10 cm or more
+- Mold depth and diameter: liquid should reach 5-10 cm deep
- Shrinkage thickness N/A
- Shrinkage width/length N/A
@@ -124,31 +123,34 @@ Make a **SCOBY hotel** to store your SCOBY for later use:
**Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?**
-Yes, there's a huge kombucha community out there. Get connected and learn all the ins and outs. [This article](http://users.bestweb.net/~om/kombucha_balance/) by Len Porzio is helpful for troubleshooting. You are basically growing bacteria and yeast here, but in the end you want the bacteria (the pancake) to become big and thick and smooth and the kombucha tea is secondary. Len describes ways to balance that out and influence the growth.
+Yes, there's a huge kombucha community out there. Get connected and learn all the ins and outs. [This article](http://users.bestweb.net/~om/kombucha_balance/) by Len Porzio is helpful for troubleshooting. You are basically growing bacteria and yeast here, but in the end you want the bacteria (the pancake) to become big and thick and smooth and the kombucha tea is secondary. Len describes ways to balance that out and influence the growth. Know that most of hese recipes have the objective to brew the *tea*, whereas we're looking to grow the pellicle.
+
+Note: there's some confusion about what is the SCOBY. It is interpreted here as the culture of bacteria and yeast as a whole that resides in the liquid *and* the pellicle. When we refer to SCOBY it is the whole whereas other might use the word to refer only to the pellicle. To grow pellicles, you don't need a pellicle per se, but you do need a starter culture (that can be liquid or in the form of the pellicle, or both).
###Process pictures
*Preparing for a few jars, Loes Bogers, 2020*
-*Without cover for the picture: some experiments brewing, slowly growing a thin SCOBY after two weeks, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+*Without cover for the picture: some experiments brewing, slowly growing a thin pellicle after two weeks, Loes Bogers, 2020*
*Cover to keep some light out, Loes Bogers, 2020*
###Variations
-- Kombucha SCOBY can grow in many different liquids (wine, beer, green/black tea) that each give a different color to the SCOBY as well. Natural colorants can be added to the tea (such as hibiscus, beetroot etc).
+- Kombucha SCOBY can grow in many different liquids (wine, beer, green/black tea) that each give a different color to the pellicle as well. Natural colorants can be added to the tea (such as hibiscus, beetroot etc).
- Green tea is said to produce thicker SCOBY pellicles (see also Len Porzio's article listed below), brew green tea for only 3 mins. Or use a mix of black and green tea.
- Try out different treatments for the kombucha, such as coconut oil or other natural and essential oils.
- Research the use of growing mats and temperature controlled boxes to keep your SCOBY at 24 to 30 degrees Celcius for optimal growth and the smallest chance at mold formation. Ideal temperature is 27 degrees celcius. If you use a plant mat, don't put it underneath the jar but rather wrap it around it (otherwise you're more likely to increase yeast growth instead of SCOBY growth).
- Or try growing a piece of SCOBY (5x5cm) further on 250 ml of dyed water (consider autoclaving it first to sterilize), some of the kombucha starter liquid (up to 250 ml), 50g sugar and 50 ml vinegar.
- **The NOMA guide to fermentation** is a great resource on microbial growth for safe human consumption that describes how you can make a fermentation chamber form a styrofoam cooler.
- Try growing a mature piece of SCOBY in other liquids such as **Lorena Trebbi's recipes** using 200 ml (organic) red wine, 200ml water and 40g sugar. Or start a new one with 200 ml raw kombucha tea, 200 ml of organic red wine and 20 g sugar.
-- Or Lorena's **beer version** that grows very fast, using 300 ml (organic) beer, 300 ml water, 60 g sugar and 60 g white vinegar with a SCOBY (of at least 5x5 cm), see images below.
+- Or Lorena's **beer version** that grows very fast, using 300 ml (organic) beer, 300 ml water, 60 g sugar and 60 g white vinegar with a SCOBY pellicle (of at least 5x5 cm), see images below.
+- A **simpler variation** on the beer brew is: use starter liquid from a previous brew, add the same amount of beer (just lager is fine), and 120 g of sugar for each added liter of liquid (by Loes Bogers).
-*the SCOBY from this recipe after continuing to grow it on beer for 2.5 weeks, following Lorena's recipe. The bottom side is totally smooth*
+*the SCOBY pellicle from this recipe after continuing to grow it on beer for 2.5 weeks, following Lorena's recipe. The bottom side is totally smooth*
-*the SCOBY from this recipe after continuing to grow it on beer for 2.5 weeks, following Lorena's recipe. The bottom is totally smooth*
+*the SCOBY pellicle from this recipe after continuing to grow it on beer for 2.5 weeks, following Lorena's recipe. The bottom is totally smooth*
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ Yes, there's a huge kombucha community out there. Get connected and learn all th
Kombucha is an ancient Chinese fermented drink made of sweetened green or black tea and yeast and bacteria cultures. It is said to have originated in Manchuria (now Northeast China) and was hailed for its curing qualities. It spread across Asia and later also Russia. It was brought to Europe with the expansion of trade routes in the 1900s where it gained popularity (most notably in Germany and Switzerland, as "Kombuchaschwamm" due to alleged health benefits comparable to those of yoghurt. Initially it was brewed by enthousiasts sharing the mother SCOBY or mushroom with a grassroots community of fermentation lovers, both in Europe and the U.S. Commercial enterprises started to pop up from the mid-90s onwards and recently one of the big kombucha brewers KeVita was purchased by PepsiCo for $200 million.
-Using Kombucha SCOBY's as a design material took off most notably after Suzanne Lee's Ted talk "Grow Your Own Clothes" in 2011. And the use of kombucha cellulose as vegan leather has also been developed and shared by many other initiatives like thr34d5, the fashion department of Queensland University of Technology and scientists from The Edge, State Library of Queensland, Australia.
+Using Kombucha SCOBY pellicles as a design material took off most notably after Suzanne Lee's Ted talk "Grow Your Own Clothes" in 2011. And the use of kombucha cellulose as vegan leather has also been developed and shared by many other initiatives like thr34d5, the fashion department of Queensland University of Technology and scientists from The Edge, State Library of Queensland, Australia.
**Needs further research?** Not sure
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ Techniques for growing kombucha SCOBY are documented widely and considered somet
Needs further research
-Because the SCOBY scan regrow itself infinitely with a bit of water, tea and sugar, and can be composted, it's a relatively uncontroversial material but still requires resources and more importantly, a lot of time. Especially in colder climates it is tempting to use heating to speed up the growth. As a material, it is still very much in development.
+Because the pellicle can regrow itself infinitely with a bit of water, tea and sugar, and can be composted, it's a relatively uncontroversial material but still requires resources and more importantly, a lot of time. Especially in colder climates it is tempting to use heating to speed up the growth. As a material, it is still very much in development.
Additives and post-treatments to dry and tan the pellicle, like boiled linseed oil and turpentine are not necessarily eco-friendly products. Chemicals are added to boiled linseed oil to make it dry quicker than raw linseed oil for example. There is room for improvement in the area of techniques and compounds to make the pellicles stronger and more durable.
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ Additives and post-treatments to dry and tan the pellicle, like boiled linseed o
- Vegan: yes
- Made of by-products or waste: yes
- Biocompostable final product: yes
-- Re-use: you can continue to use SCOBYs to grow more SCOBY, more kombucha, more is more.
+- Re-use: you can continue to use the liquid SCOBY to grow more SCOBY pellicles, and more kombucha, more is more.
Needs further research?: Not sure
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ Has recipe been validated? Yes, by Cecilia Raspanti, TextileLab, Waag Amsterdam,
**Images of the final sample**
-*A young kombucha SCOBY, Loes Bogers, 2020*
+*A young, thin kombucha SCOBY pellicle, Loes Bogers, 2020*
##REFERENCES
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/madderdye.md b/docs/files/recipes/madderdye.md
index aa41064a8ba9f095bfc29fd5759532b183b32320..4b2244275e29790a2995bbc6697a6d410d8a10fb 100644
--- a/docs/files/recipes/madderdye.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/madderdye.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 2 hours
* **madder roots (dried) - 50 g** also: Rubia Tinctorum, this is the dye stuff
* **water - 500 ml/g** solvent
* **alum - 30 g** (also: potassium aluminium sulphate) will draw the pigment out of the madder root.
-* **soda ash - 5 g** to create bright reds
+* **soda ash - 5 g** (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), to create bright reds
* **a coffee filter** to filter the fine particles from the dye
* optional: 100% pure silk, or aquarel/water colors paper and a paint brush to test the dye/ink
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Approx. 500 ml
1. **Using the ink as a dye or on paper**
- Use a funnel to transfer your dye into a glass jar.
- - Use the warm dye immediately by adding a piece of wet silk or other (mordanted fibre) to it and leave overnight. Don't put silk in hot water, it damages the fibre. Then rinse and dry the silk.
+ - Use the warm dye immediately by adding a piece of wet silk or other (mordanted) fibre to it and leave overnight. Don't put silk in hot water, it damages the fibre. Then rinse and dry the silk.
- You can also use it as an ink (hot or cold). Use fine chinese brushes and aquarel/water colors paper.
- To store: add a clove and store in the fridge or freeze. If it smells weird or grows fungus, throw it away and make new ink.
- Using the dye at a later stage: warm up the dye by putting the glass jar au bain marie (put it in a larger pot with boiling water). Slowly heat it up until warm, not hot. Add (mordanted) fibres such as silk, leave overnight for deep hues.
diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/phmodifiers.md b/docs/files/recipes/phmodifiers.md
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--- a/docs/files/recipes/phmodifiers.md
+++ b/docs/files/recipes/phmodifiers.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Final form achieved after: N/A
###Ingredients
* **Water - 1000 L**, the solvent, ideally has a PH of 7.
-* **Soda ash - 5g**, to make an alkaline solution (PH 8-PH 13)
+* **Soda ash - 5g** (sodium carbonate Na2CO3), to make an alkaline solution (PH 8-PH 13)
* **Citric acid - g** OR: 150 ml of vinegar or lemon juice, to make an acidic solution (PH 1 -PH 6). Citric acid is sold in asian supermarkets and has very high acidity (more than vinegar and lemon juice)
* **Red cabage dye - 50 ml** see [this recipe](https://class.textile-academy.org/2020/loes.bogers/files/recipes/cabbagedye/). Alcohol-based cabage ink is also fine.
* **A large round coffee filter**, ideally white ones. To make PH strips. If you can't find these, get 4 smaller filters and cut them open so you have only one layer.
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