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<h2>9. Output Devices</h2>
</header>
<section>
<h3>Hero shot</h3>
<span class="object">
<video width="600" height="300" controls>
<source src="../images/buzzer-GOThrones.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</span>
<br>
</section>
<hr>
<section>
<h3>Assignment</h3>
<p>To measure output devices, as asked this week, we used a USB power meter (this one is from <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Keweisi-Charger-Detector-Battery-Capacity/dp/B0184Y14SK" target="_blank">Keweisi</a>).</p>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/measurements-tool.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<p>But before measuring the power of the output devices, we made a little test/game : separate the output devices from the input devices.</p>
<p>I did pretty well : one mistake + some could've been in both categories.</p>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/input-output-test.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<br>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/input-output-test-corr.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<h4>Input vs Output devices</h4>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/input-output-devices.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<h5></h5>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Input</th>
<th scope="col">Output</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Temp</td>
<td>7 color flash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Tilt switch</td>
<td>2 color LED</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Touch</td>
<td>Big sound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Analog temp</td>
<td>Laser emit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Heartbeat</td>
<td>Heartbeat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Light cup</td>
<td>Light cup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Ball switch</td>
<td>Buzzer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Hall magnatic</td>
<td>IR emission</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Reed switch</td>
<td>Small sound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Tracking</td>
<td>Tracking</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Photoresistor</td>
<td>2 color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Button</td>
<td>Passive buzzer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Digital temp</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Tap module light blocking</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Analog hall</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Rotary encoder</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Mini reed</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row">Avoid</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>Output tests</h4>
<p>To test the different output devices, we used codes that already exist on internet or in Arduino.</p>
<h5>LED Ring</h5>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/measuring-led-ring.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<p>For the LED ring, we used a simple code that can be found directly in Arduino.</p>
<p>First, we had to add the LED ring's "Adafruit NeoPixel" library.</p>
<p>After opening Arduino, you have to click on the library menu on the left sidebar, then search after "Adafruit NeoPixel".</p>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/arduino-neopixel-lib.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<p>Once installed, open the "File" menu, go to "Examples", scroll until you see "Adafruit NeoPixel" and choose "simple".</p>
<span class="image object">
<img src="../images/neopixel-simple-example.jpg" alt="..." />
</span>
<p><strong>The Arduino NeoPixel simple code</strong></p>
<pre>
<code>
// NeoPixel Ring simple sketch (c) 2013 Shae Erisson
// Released under the GPLv3 license to match the rest of the
// Adafruit NeoPixel library
#include < Adafruit_NeoPixel.h >
#ifdef __AVR__
#include < avr/power.h > // Required for 16 MHz Adafruit Trinket
#endif
// Which pin on the Arduino is connected to the NeoPixels?
#define PIN 7 // On Trinket or Gemma, suggest changing this to 1
// How many NeoPixels are attached to the Arduino?
#define NUMPIXELS 16 // Popular NeoPixel ring size
// When setting up the NeoPixel library, we tell it how many pixels,
// and which pin to use to send signals. Note that for older NeoPixel
// strips you might need to change the third parameter -- see the
// strandtest example for more information on possible values.
Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels(NUMPIXELS, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
#define DELAYVAL 1500 // Time (in milliseconds) to pause between pixels
void setup() {
// These lines are specifically to support the Adafruit Trinket 5V 16 MHz.
// Any other board, you can remove this part (but no harm leaving it):
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) && (F_CPU == 16000000)
clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
#endif
// END of Trinket-specific code.
pixels.begin(); // INITIALIZE NeoPixel strip object (REQUIRED)
}
void loop() {
pixels.clear(); // Set all pixel colors to 'off'
// The first NeoPixel in a strand is #0, second is 1, all the way up
// to the count of pixels minus one.
for(int i=0; i < NUMPIXELS; i++) { // For each pixel...
// pixels.Color() takes RGB values, from 0,0,0 up to 255,255,255
// Here we're using a moderately bright green color:
pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0, 150, 0));
pixels.show(); // Send the updated pixel colors to the hardware.
delay(DELAYVAL); // Pause before next pass through loop
}
}
</code>
</pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Think about changing the number of the pin that is linked to the ring.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The result is the LED ring getting each LED to turn on one after another until the last one. Then it starts again from the beginning.</p>
<span class="object">
<video width="600" height="300" controls>
<source src="../images/led-ring-too-fast.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</span>
<br>
<h5>Servo motor</h5>
<p>Second test, moving a servo motor.</p>
<p>For this we tried out the "sweep" example from Arduino (File>Examples>Servo>Sweep).</p>
<pre>
<code class="arduino">
/* Sweep
by BARRAGAN < http://barraganstudio.com >
This example code is in the public domain.
modified 8 Nov 2013
by Scott Fitzgerald
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LibraryExamples/Sweep
*/
#include < Servo.h >
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards
int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position
void setup() {
myservo.attach(4); // attaches the servo on pin ... to the servo object
}
void loop() {
for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15); // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position
}
for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15); // waits 15 ms for the servo to reach the position
}
}
</code>
</pre>
<span class="object">
<video width="600" height="300" controls>
<source src="../images/servo-motor.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</span>
<br>
<h5>OLED Display</h5>
<p>As third test, we used an <a href="https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-for-oled-display-with-arduino/" target="_blank">I2C OLED Display</a>.</p>
<p>To be more precise, we used the SSD1306 model: a monocolor, 0.96-inch display with 128×64 pixels.</p>
<p>To be able to use it with Arduino, we had to install 2 libraries :</p>
<ul>
<li>Adafruit SSD1306</li>
<li>Adafruit GFX Library</li>
</ul>
<p>Once both libraries are installed, we copy/paste <strong>the <a href="https://www.makerguides.com/how-to-interface-the-ssd1306-i2c-oled-graphic-display-with-arduino/" target="_blank">Makerguides I2C OLED Display Code for Arduino</a></strong> found on internet.</p>
<p>I wanted to paste the code used on the OLED display here but it is interfering with the website.</p>
<p>So the code file can be downloaded <a href="../files/screen.ino" target="_blank">here</a></p>
<p>This code shows different texts and images on the display, so that we can see what can be done with this display.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Think about changing the number of the pin that is linked to the display.</p>
</blockquote>
<span class="object">
<video width="600" height="300" controls>
<source src="../images/screen-makerguides.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</span>
<br>
<h5>Buzzer</h5>
<p>Last, but not least, I tried out a buzzer and several musics found on <a href="https://github.com/robsoncouto/arduino-songs/tree/master" target="_blank">robsoncouto github page</a>.</p>
<p>I just displayed 2 of them on this page and you should easily recognize them ! ;)</p>
<span class="object">
<video width="600" height="300" controls>
<source src="../images/buzzer-Super-Mario-Bros.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</span>
<p>Link to our <a href="https://fabacademy.org/2024/labs/fabc/group-assignment/week009/" target="_blank">Group page</a></p>
</section>
<hr>
<section>
<h3>Files and resources</h3>
<p><strong>My files</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../files/neopixel-simple.ino" target="_blank">LED Ring simple code</a></li>
<li><a href="../files/servo-sweep/servo-Sweep.ino" target="_blank">Servo Motor Sweep code</a></li>
<li><a href="../files/screen.ino" target="_blank">Makerguides' Screen display code</a></li>
<li><a href="../files/gameofthrones.ino" target="_blank">Game Of Thrones song code</a></li>
<li><a href="../files/super-mario-bros.ino" target="_blank">Super Mario Bros song code</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Resources</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.makerguides.com/" target="_blank">Makerguides website</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/robsoncouto/arduino-songs/tree/master" target="_blank">robsoncouto github page</a></li>
<li><a href="https://fabacademy.org/2024/labs/fabc/" target="_blank">Our group page</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<span class="opener">Week per week</span>
<ul>
<li><a href="../assignments/week01.html">1. Project Management</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week02.html">2. Computer Aided Design</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week03.html">3. Computer Controlled Cutting</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week04.html">4. Electronics Production</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week05.html">5. 3D Scanning And Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week06.html">6. Embedded Programming</a></li>
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<li><a href="../assignments/week09.html">9. Output Devices</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week10.html">10. Mechanical Design And Machine Design</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week11.html">11. Input Devices</a></li>
<li><a href="../assignments/week12.html">12. Molding and Casting</a></li>
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