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class: center, middle, inverse
# Debugging
13-03-2023
Fab Academy 2023
.footnote[
by: Henk & Nicolas
]
???
Press 'p' to enter presentation mode. Or even better:
1. press 'c' to clone the page
2. press 'p' to enter presentation mode
3. used cloned view for beam, share screen in zoom.
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a>Fab Academy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
.image_right[
]
<pre>
1-Attitude
2-General principles
3-Multimeter
4-Logical analyzers
5-Oscilloscope
6-How to debug almost anything kit
7-Flashing your board
8- Microcontroller debugging
9-Serial (or any) "Hello world!"
10-USB and computer detection
11 -Radio Communications
</pre>
---
class: center, middle, chapter
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a>Fab Academy 2023 - recitation on debugging</span></div>
# Attitude & General principles
.footnote[
Slides by Fran & Duaa
]
---
class: middle, center
## ERROR
.image_center[
]
---
<p>
.image_right[
<img src="img/jump.jpg" height="500px">
]
## Don't jump to conclusions
<p>
- Approach the problem objectively
- Everyone (everything) is a suspect!
---
<p>
.image_right[
<img src="img/colombo1.jpg" height="600px">
]
## Write
<p>
- what is happening
- what is the environment
- what are you doing
- what are the results
---
## Read
<img src="img/rtfm.jpg" height="450px">
Don't forget to undrestand what you just read!
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
Fab Academy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Narrowing down the problem
<P>
.image_right[
<img src="img/visual.jpg" height="400px">
]
<p>
- Reproduce the problem
- Always first do visual check
- traces
- solder
- components
- Keep in mind that the problem might not be visible without a microscope
Everything looks good but...
.footnote[
Image by Jonathan Blok - Waag
]
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
Fab Academy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<img src="img/p2.png" width="870">
---
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Fab Academy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## It's not working
Concentrate only on the relevant parts. Isolate the problem.
---
## The microcontroller is not receiving voltage / the wrong voltage
Big chance the problem is located here.
---
## Can't program the microcontroller
Big chance the problem is located here.
---
## Programmed, unable to program other microcontrollers
Big chance the problem is located here.
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Multimeter
- "Continuous" phenomenons
- Continuity check (+diodes orientation) : symbol
- Voltage/Power check : parallel measurement
- Resistance / current / ...
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Continuity
- Test power supply to power pins continuity
- Check fuses, diodes orientations, ...
- Check short-circuits
- Check traces
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Voltage
- Parallel measurement => check your cables!
- ! absolute maximum ratings (may burn your component)
- Power supply impedence / max power, badly selected
- GND/VCC loop
<img src="img/V_DC.jpg" width="350"><img src="img/parallel.png" width="350">
---
## Power supply
- Nothing : open circuit, short circuit, line break, blown fuse, ...
- Voltage too low : power supply impedence, badly selected, ...
- Voltage too high : above max. ratings, dead zener/reg., ...
- GND/VCC loop
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## How to check current, resistor, capacitor, ...
- Learn more about you mulimeter capabilites!
- Current : serie
- Resistor : parallel
- capacitor : parallel (+ polarity)
<img src="img/multimeter-symbols.jpg" height="300">
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## MultiMeter
<video id="sampleMovie" src="./img/multimeter.mp4" width="800" height="500" controls=""></video>
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Voltage Drop
<video id="sampleMovie" src="./img/voltage_drop.mp4" width="800" height="500" controls=""></video>
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Logical analyzer
- Variable **digital** signals
- Communications [UART, I²C, SPI, 1-Wire, ...]
- PWM
- Clock
- ...
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Logical analyzers
- High sampling rates (> 100MHz - 500 MHz)
- Only "logical levels" (0 : <0.6V - 1 : > 1.2V => usually not CMOS logic!)
- Multiple channels (8-16...)
- "Unexpensive" (compared to oscilloscopes)
- Allows you to read complex protocols easily
[Saleae](https://www.saleae.com/), [Pulseview](https://sigrok.org/wiki/PulseView) with Cypress CY7C68013A, ...
<img src="https://sigrok.org/wimg/e/ee/PulseView_I2C_DS1307_Decode.png" width="700">
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
# Logic Analayzer
<video id="sampleMovie" src="./img/logicanalyzer.mp4" width="800" height="500" controls=""></video>
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
# Logic Analayzer
- ["logic analyzer 8 channel"](https://www.amazon.com/KeeYees-Analyzer-Device-Channel-Arduino/dp/B07K6HXDH1)
- ["logic analyzer 16 channel"](https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/4000386048107.html)
- ["Digikey 461-1010-ND: MICRO-HOOK RED 0.025" SQ PINS "](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/e-z-hook/XKMRED/528231)
- ["Digikey 461-1010-ND: MICRO-HOOK BLACK 0.025" SQ PINS "](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/e-z-hook/XKMBLK/528230?s)
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
# LA104 + DS213
<p>
.image_right[
<img src="./img/24.jpg" height="400px">
]
- [LA104](http://www.miniware.com.cn/product/signal-analyzer/)
- [DS213](http://www.miniware.com.cn/product/ds213-mini-oscilloscope/)
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Oscilloscope
- "Variable / random" phenomena
- Variable signals (analog, communications, blink, sound, ...)
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Oscilloscope (main functions)
- "Real" voltage levels, high sampling rate (> 10MHz - 1GHz)
- Dynamic view
- Triggers/Time/Level
- Lots of analysis capabilities inside (play with menus : capture/ analyse / freq-time / intervals / Peak-peak / frequency / ...)
- Few channels (~1-4)
- Expensive tool. Poor human alternative : sound card mic/line input [< 44.1kS/sec]
<img src="img/oscilloscope.jpg" width="500">
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<img src="img/thies_no_conditionning.png" width="350"><img src="img/thies_conditionning.png" width="350">
"Random" behaviours :
- Check proper signals
- Check proper power (stable enough?)
- DC decoupling capacitor? (same idea as toilet flush ;-) )
---
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<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<center> <iframe width="672" height="378" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/waXIuDSv9uY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </center>
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<center> <iframe width="672" height="378" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HJwMpVrwPUQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </center>
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<center> <iframe width="672" height="378" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6btUw8nLmuU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </center>
---
class: middle
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
<center> <iframe width="672" height="378" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DHvR1r6aXpw" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </center>
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Pinecile
<img src="https://images.ctfassets.net/2lpsze4g694w/7z8QIZm61leOIQQANsxu33/d826cb16b2e08da0b41f070a3bfe9768/main_on.jpg" width="800">
- [Pinecil](https://pine64.com/product/pinecil-smart-mini-portable-soldering-iron/)
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## DPS3005 Bench Power Supply
<p>
<center>
<img src="img/dps3005.jpg" width="600">
</center>
</p>
- [DPS3005/5005](https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/4001237790968.html)
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## DPS3005 Bench Power Supply
<p>
<center>
<img src="img/DPS5005_pyGUI.png" width="800">
</center>
</p>
- [PyGUI](https://github.com/lambcutlet/DPS5005_pyGUI)
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Flashing your board
And what can go wrong
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## EDBG for flashing ARM (1)
- Connect a CMSIS-DAP SWD adapter
- 10-pin 1.27mm connectors are convenient, but triple check the orientation
- If VCC pin is unused, power your target device separately
- Make sure the programmer is on 3.3V if programming SAMD
<center>
<img src="img/programmer_jtag.jpg" width="700">
</center>
---
<div class="my-footer"><span>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## EDBG for flashing ARM (2)
- List programmers
```c
edbg -b -l
```
- Erase first (!) and load program
```c
edbg -ebpv -t <processor> -f <program.bin>
```
- flags:
- -b: verbose (optional)
- -e: erase
- -p: program
- -v: verify (optional)
- -t: target type (e.g. samd11)
- Common problems
- Programmer not listed: check USB
- Invalid response: check JTAG connection
---
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## UPDI for Flashing AVR (1)
- All you need is a serial adapter
- RX and TX connected together with a 4.7k resistor
- VCC is optional but ensures both chips talk at the same logic level
- Programming is initiated with a break (LOW level for a long duration)
<center>
<img src="img/programmer_updi.png" width="500">
</center>
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## UPDI for Flashing AVR (2)
- pymcuprog.py
```c
pymcuprog -d <processor> -t uart -u <port> -v info erase
pymcuprog -d <processor> -t uart -u <port> -v info write -f <program.hex>
```
- Arduino IDE
- install megaTinyCore (ATtiny 1-series) or DxCore (AVR DA/DB)
- use "serial port and 4.7k (pyupdi style) SLOW" programmer
- select correct serial port and click upload
- Common problems
- wrong serial settings: adapter needs 2 Stop bits and Even parity
- "incorrect echo": are RX and TX connected together?
- "UPDI initialisation failed": have you tried turning it off and on again?
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# In-circuit / On-Chip debugging
Advanced debugging
---
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Atmel ICE
<center>
<img src="img/atmel_ice.jpg" width="500">
</center>
- [Atmel-ICE](https://www.microchip.com/DevelopmentTools/ProductDetails/ATATMEL-ICE)
- Allows you to pause execution (breakpoints / run-to-cursor)
- Watch variables and registers
- Tightly integrated within **Atmel Studio**
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## OpenOCD+GDB for debugging SAMD
- Open source alternative to Atmel Studio debugging
- Install on windows: https://gnutoolchains.com/arm-eabi/openocd/
- Install on linux:
```bash
apt get install openocd
```
- Create `openocd.cfg`:
```c
source [find interface/cmsis-dap.cfg]
set CHIPNAME at91samd11c14
source [find target/at91samdXX.cfg]
```
- Connect SWD programmer and launch: `openocd`
- Connect to opencd with gdb:
```bash
arm-none-eabi-gdb -iex "target extended-remote localhost:3333"
```
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Serial (or any) "Hello world!"
Sending internal info through communication line
---
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Serial (or any) "Hello world!"
- Show any external signal on code execution (eg : LED blinking)
- Send register value or "hello world" message through communication lines (eg : serial/UART)
- Very simple to implement but requires functional microcontroller
- Allows you to follow execution steps
Example:
```c
#define DEBUG_MODE 1
...
#if DEBUG_MODE
Serial.print("DEBUG -- MyVal value = ");
Serial.println(MyVal, DEC);
#endif
```
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# USB
Check your USB device can be found by the OS
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
Fab Academy 2020 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## USB
.small[
```terminal
$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c05a Logitech, Inc. M90/M100 Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 413c:2011 Dell Computer Corp. Multimedia Pro Keyboard
```
]
.small[
```terminal
$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c05a Logitech, Inc. M90/M100 Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 413c:2011 Dell Computer Corp. Multimedia Pro Keyboard
<span style="color:#FF5555;">Bus 001 Device 029: ID 6666:6666 Prototype product Vendor ID </span>
```
]
If nothing :
- Check you load **proper bootloader**!
- Check lines, voltages ("5V" power BUT 3.3V communication D-/D+), zener orientations, ...
If declared but doesn't work :
- Check USB devices permissions
- Check firmware (inject a tried-and-tested)
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## USB
.small[
```terminal
$ dmesg -w
```
]
.center[
<video width="720" height="480" controls>
<source src="./img/dmesg.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
]
---
class: center, middle, chapter
# Radio Communications
How to see what you can't even touch?
---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a></a>
FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Radio communications
- Frequency ranges (~kHz to ~GHz)
- Use receiver modules
- DVB-T receiver as radio tool : [GNU Radio (live), SDR environment](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php/GNU_Radio_Live_SDR_Environment)
<img src="img/dvb-t.jpg" width="100">
<img src="img/rtl_sdr.jpg" width="300">
<img src="img/scope_fft.jpg" width="300">
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Radio communications
.center[
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<source src="./img/sdr.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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]
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FabAcademy 2023 - recitation on debugging </span></div>
## Happy Debugging
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