week_07

Computer controlled machining

Objectives



Assignments



Group assignment


About computer-controlled machining


CNC (Computer Numeric Controlled) Machining, Milling or Turning utilizes automated machine tools that are operated by computers rather than being manually controlled or mechanically automated via cams alone. "Milling" refers to a machining process where the workpiece is held stationary while the tool spins and rotates around it. "Turning" occurs when the tool is held stationary and the workpiece spins and rotates. Using CNC systems, component design is automated using CAD/CAM programs. The programs produce a computer file that generates the commands needed to operate a particular machine, and then loaded into the CNC machines for production.

...

The advantages of CNC Machining


Efficiency: Aside from the need for periodic maintenance, CNC machines can operate almost continuously. One person can oversee the operation of several CNC machines at a time.
Ease of Use: CNC machines are easier to use than lathes and milling machines and greatly reduce the likelihood of human error.
Easy to upgrade: Software changes and updates make it possible to expand the machine's capabilities rather than replace the whole machine.
No prototyping: New designs and parts can be programmed directly into a CNC machine, eliminating the need to build a prototype.
Precision Parts made on a CNC machine are identical to each other.
Waste reduction: CNC programs can plan the lay out of the pieces to be machined on the material to be used. This allows the machine to minimize wasted material.

CNC Router Terminology


Chip load: The physical size of the pieces or chips the bit cuts off the material.
Feed Rates: How quickly a machine can laterally move through the material being cut. Typically measured in Inches Per Minute (IPM).
Speed Rates: The speed of the machines spindle. Typically measured in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
Flute: The number of cutting edges on a routing bit. Toolpath: A coded route which a machine follows as a guide in order to cut.

CNC Router Terminology


I used the square gauge, pole and lever table to check the machine's mechanical accuracy. When do mechanical precision detection, you must follow the steps and do not panic.

...
...
...

Test


① Design the process model. I will use different feed speed for testing the arc corner. Example 1 has a feed speed of 1000 mm/min in the straight part and the arc part. Example 2 has a feed speed of 800 mm/min in the straight part and the arc part. Example 3 has a feed speed of 1000 mm/min in the straight part and has a feed speed of 360 mm/min in the arc part.

...
...
...
...

② Then I test the effect for cutting with different tool swing. The test results show that if we want to achieve good quality, we need to ensure that the tool swings below 1mm.

...
...

③ Finally, I tested the effect of speed on quality.
speed of mainshaft: 10000rmp. feed speed: 1500mm/min:

...
...
speed of mainshaft: 10000rmp. feed speed: 3500mm/min:
...
...
speed of mainshaft: 14000rmp. feed speed: 4900mm/min:
...
...

Individual assignment: a custom frame of camera


This week we have to design something big using 2D or 3D design software and process it using the CNC Router Machine. As there was a recent customer who was looking to get a custom frame of camera for him during this time, I decided to go ahead and document this job as we went forward in the training. I identified NG UG 11.0 as the best 2D and 3D software for making this project come to life.

Design


Objective: A simple stand for the camera in the processing center that should also be capable of dismantling for easy transportation. ...
① The bottom bracket. I used the press plate connected the center machine and the bottom bracket of camera.
...
② Connection plate. I used the four screws connected the bottom bracket of camera and Connection plate.
...
③ The frame of Camera (custom-made). I used the four screws connected Connection plate and the frame of Camera. I also used the locating-lock to locate.
...

G-codes

① Created a aid and then created machining coordinate system and the workpiece.
...
...
② Created cutting tools.
...
③ Create a new operation of cutting which is cavity mill. I used the mode of reciprocating cutting and cut 1mm within each layer. I also used the mode of cut feeding which is direct linear feeding in the open area. It should be noted that the feed mode is best to choose spiral feed or diagonal feed in the closed area. And also avoid choose the direct cutting. So, I don’t advocate using the fablab mods to generate the G-code. In the last few weeks of PCB processing, I found that the feed method is the bolt when I use the fablab modes. This feed method is too harmful for the endmill.
...
...
④ The rest can be processed by rotating the C axis using the same program.
⑤ In the similar way , generate the G-code of the connection board.

Cutting

① Even if I simulate everything and search for good feed and speed, I am more comfortable to ask another person confirm my CNC job just to make sure I didn't miss anything. Thanks to my teacher to do that checkup.
② I used a three jaw chuck for clamping the bottom bracket (a hollow cylinder). And also used a flat tongs for clamping the connection board (aluminum alloy plate).
③ The following steps are the same steps that milling a PCB. You put the tool in your machine, make the zero where you plan it on your stock (very important). When everything is ready, you have to closed the door, wear some protection glasses and earmuff. Then you can start the machine. Make sure you are watching it to avoid any accident by pausing it.
④ The final product.

...
...
...

File Download


Fixture

contact Me


Address: No.10, Kehua street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
TEL: (028) 85406538 (+86)18981085882
E-mail: linzihao@scuspark.com
QQ: 386866966