diff --git a/docs/files/backups/materialarchive_specs_24mar.xlsx b/docs/files/backups/materialarchive_specs_24mar.xlsx new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f75c8eb47cd8769a48d5f2aa4049a732b3398492 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/files/backups/materialarchive_specs_24mar.xlsx differ diff --git a/docs/files/ingredients/EXAMPLE_ingredient_glycerine.docx b/docs/files/ingredients/EXAMPLE_ingredient_glycerine.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edfab77951e44900cee2267108dedfbee451bd98 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/files/ingredients/EXAMPLE_ingredient_glycerine.docx differ diff --git a/docs/files/ingredients/FORM_ingredient.docx b/docs/files/ingredients/FORM_ingredient.docx new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f882c3f4c6bc52c8e45dda4a167d0a574697020d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/files/ingredients/FORM_ingredient.docx differ diff --git a/docs/files/ingredients/gelatine.md b/docs/files/ingredients/gelatine.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06075b7f080d3a0946f64218c4457de885625fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/files/ingredients/gelatine.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Gelatin + +Gelatin is produced by c + +Wikipedia + +The first use of gelatin in foods is documented in the 15th century in medieval Britain, where cattle hooves were boiled for extended periods of time to produce a gel. This process was laborious and time-consuming, confined mainly to wealthier households.[43] The first recorded English patent for gelatin production was granted in 1754.[43] By the late 17th century, French inventor Denis Papin had discovered another method of gelatin extraction via boiling of bones.[44] In 1812, the chemist Jean-Pierre-Joseph d'Arcet(fr) further experimented with the use of hydrochloric acid to extract gelatin from bones, and later with steam extraction, which was much more efficient. The French government viewed gelatin as a potential source of cheap, accessible protein for the poor, particularly in Paris.[45] Food applications in France and the United States during 19th century appear to have established the versatility of gelatin, including the origin of its popularity in the US as Jell-O.[46] From the mid 1800s, Charles and Rose Knox of New York manufactured and marketed gelatin powder, diversifying the appeal and applications of gelatin.[47] + +Culinary uses +Eggs in aspic + +Probably best known as a gelling agent in cooking, different types and grades of gelatin are used in a wide range of food and nonfood products. Common examples of foods that contain gelatin are gelatin desserts, trifles, aspic, marshmallows, candy corn, and confections such as Peeps, gummy bears, fruit snacks, and jelly babies. Gelatin may be used as a stabilizer, thickener, or texturizer in foods such as yogurt, cream cheese, and margarine; it is used, as well, in fat-reduced foods to simulate the mouthfeel of fat and to create volume. It also is used in the production of several types of Chinese soup dumplings, specifically Shanghainese soup dumplings, or xiaolongbao, as well as Shengjian mantou, a type of fried and steamed dumpling. The fillings of both are made by combining ground pork with gelatin cubes, and in the process of cooking, the gelatin melts, creating a soupy interior with a characteristic gelatinous stickiness. + +Gelatin is used for the clarification of juices, such as apple juice, and of vinegar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md index 3eec103d65d08dddccdf3bd7cfcc621d501272f9..4d01d32a2d8d3ea4ad57f0afe1cac8db08f26b9d 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoam.md @@ -135,23 +135,9 @@ Yes. Casting solids or smooth surface might require a different process to preve - **Stiffeners** such as fibres or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. - **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, chalk or egg shells can be added to prevent additional shrinkage. -## Cultural & ecological information - -### Where are the ingredients locally abundant? - -Gelatin is collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals (e.g. cattle, chicken, pigs, fish). It can be produced almost anywhere, so try finding a local supplier. In the Netherlands, Jacob Hooy sells gelatine made from cow's skin. - -Glycerin is a sugar alcohol derived from animal products, plants or petroleum. As such it can be produced almost anywhere. Try to find a vegetable-based glycerine that is produced locally. In the Netherlands, Orphi is an affordable vegetable-based glycerin brand. - -Water quality is not of the essence for this recipe. Most tap water will be fine. The PH level of the water might affect PH sensitive natural colorants (e.g. ink or dye extracted from blueberries, red cabbage or other vegetables rich in anthocyanins). - -Any dishwashing soap that foams should work. Different soaps might create different foam. Using an organic eco-friendly soap that is locally produced is recommended. - -**Needs further research?** Not sure - ### Cultural origins of this recipe -Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. +Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. **Needs further research?** Not sure @@ -167,14 +153,14 @@ Needs further research Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones as to not waste anything. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. -Using plant-based ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. +Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. ### Sustainability tags - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no -- Made of by-products or waste: yes +- Made of by-products or waste: no - Biocompostable final product: yes - Re-use: melt with heat and a splash of water, and recast @@ -201,7 +187,7 @@ The foam half domes are more rigid when completely dried, but still allow for so - **Texture**: smooth - **Temperature**: cool - **Shape memory**: medium -- **Odor**: moderate +- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production - **Stickiness**: medium - **Weather resistance:** poor - **Acoustic properties:** needs further research @@ -226,11 +212,10 @@ The foam half domes are more rigid when completely dried, but still allow for so ### Environmental conditions -- Humidity: 75 – 85 % +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - -PH tap water: 7-8 +- PH tap water: 7-8 ### Recipe validation @@ -257,15 +242,14 @@ No ### This recipe was previously published by someone else -Yes - -**Biofoam Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam), biofoam sample from the material archive, n.d. +No ##References - **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **Glycerin** by Materiom, n.d. [link](https://materiom.org/ingredient/30). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook** by Fab Textiles Lab, YYYY, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +- **Biofoam Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam), biofoam sample from the material archive, n.d. +- **Biofoam (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). ## Images of final product diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md index 48beaf5f103f092ce8391f4e1b1026b81e6dfe38..6c4dd1ee1a187f578c3bed35a325224cbd6212eb 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md @@ -1,12 +1,10 @@ # BIOFOIL EXTRA FLEXIBLE -### Images of final product - -*Caption, Image credit, Year* +### Tactility & sound impression -*Caption, Image credit, Year* +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5ayE8BSSaj8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> -*Caption, Image credit, Year* +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/olMNIg67vFQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Description @@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ A transparent, glossy and very flexible sheet of gelatine-based bioplastic. Slig ### Physical form -Surfaces & Surface Treatments +Surface Color without additives: transparent, slightly yellow where thicker @@ -43,9 +41,7 @@ Final form achieved after: 1 week 1. **Pot** 1. **Scale** 1. **Acrylic sheet** (or silicon mat) for casting. The smooth surface results in a very shiny, transparent foil. -1. **Spoons** -1. Whisk (optional) - +1. **Spoon** ## Yield before processing/drying/curing @@ -71,7 +67,7 @@ Approx. 200 ml - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for 20 minutes. I turn it lower when I get bubbles. You don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker, more syruppy liquid that spreads slower: resulting in a thicker sheet. -1. **Casting the foam** +1. **Casting** - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid, like syrup. - Cast onto the acrylic sheet slowly to avoid bubbles @@ -100,7 +96,7 @@ None. **Post-processing** -Store flat in a dry and ventilated room. +Store flat, unfolded in a dry and ventilated room. **Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** @@ -122,21 +118,9 @@ Yes. Casting onto textured surfaces is likely to require a different technique a - **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. - **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. -## Cultural & ecological information - -### Where are the ingredients locally abundant? - -Gelatin is collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals (e.g. cattle, chicken, pigs, fish). It can be produced almost anywhere, so try finding a local supplier. In the Netherlands, Jacob Hooy sells gelatine made from cow's skin. - -Glycerin is a sugar alcohol derived from animal products, plants or petroleum. As such it can be produced almost anywhere. Try to find a vegetable-based glycerine that is produced locally. In the Netherlands, Orphi is an affordable vegetable-based glycerin brand. - -Water quality is not of the essence for this recipe. Most tap water will be fine. The PH level of the water might affect PH sensitive natural colorants (e.g. ink or dye extracted from blueberries, red cabbage or other vegetables rich in anthocyanins). - -**Needs further research?** Not sure - ### Cultural origins of this recipe -Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. +Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. **Needs further research?** Not sure @@ -153,14 +137,15 @@ Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use res Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. -Using plant-based ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. +Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. ### Sustainability tags - Renewable ingredients: yes - Vegan: no -- Made of by-products or waste: yes +- Made of by-products or waste: no - Biocompostable final product: yes +- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting Needs further research?: not sure @@ -170,22 +155,22 @@ Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some wa ### Comparative qualities -The biofoam feels like the foam-like packaging materials sometimes used for shipping fragile goods or thick foamy kitchen cloth. It feels colder to the touch and is slightly stickier. The upside shows visible bubbles, but the mold-facing side feels very smooth if the mold had a smooth surface. It somewhat keeps the smell of the dishwashing liquid. +This foil is thick and strong and completely transparent, a bit like the plastic table cloths some people may have on their kitchen table to protect the woord from staining. I would describe it more like a protective plastic than a packaging material for example. ### Technical and sensory properties -- **Strength**: medium +- **Strength**: strong - **Hardness**: flexible -- **Transparency**: translucent -- **Glossiness**: satin -- **Weight**: light +- **Transparency**: transparent +- **Glossiness**: glossy +- **Weight**: medium - **Structure**: closed - **Texture**: smooth - **Temperature**: cool - **Shape memory**: medium -- **Odor**: moderate +- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production - **Stickiness**: medium -- **Weather resistance:** poor +- **Weather resistance:** poor/needs further research - **Acoustic properties:** needs further research - **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research - **Non-allergenic:** needs further research @@ -193,15 +178,11 @@ The biofoam feels like the foam-like packaging materials sometimes used for ship - **Heat resistance:** low - **Water resistance:** low - **Chemical resistance:** needs further research -- **Scratch resistance:** poor -- **Surface friction:** sliding +- **Scratch resistance:** moderate +- **Surface friction:** braking - **Color modifiers:** none -### Tactility & sound impression - -[youtube embed here] - ## About this entry ### Maker(s) of this sample @@ -213,11 +194,10 @@ The biofoam feels like the foam-like packaging materials sometimes used for ship ### Environmental conditions -- Humidity: 75 – 85 % +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - -PH tap water: 7-8 +- PH tap water: 7-8 ### Recipe validation @@ -248,7 +228,14 @@ No ##References - **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). -- **Glycerin** by Materiom, n.d. [link](https://materiom.org/ingredient/30). - **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +## Images of final product + +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Extra flexible gelatin-based biofoil, Loes Bogers, 2020* + diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md b/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7f19110ce6485c2a37965a1a70a584c0df00d9e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/files/recipes/bioresin.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# BIORESIN + +### Tactility & sound impression + +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gNOtGunJc2A" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> + +### Description + +A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. + +### Physical form + +Solids + +Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. + +### Fabrication time + +Preparation time: 1 Hour + +Processing time: 5-10 days + +Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of airflow. + +Final form achieved after: 10 days + +## Ingredients + +* **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** + * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) +* **Glycerine - 16 gr** + * Functions as plasticizer that bonds with the gelatine (makes it flexible). This recipe has a bit more glycerine to make the foil less rigid. It doesn't have the "crackling" sound as a result. +* **Water - 480 ml/gr** + * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer + +## Tools + +1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) +1. **Pot** +1. **Scale** +1. **Moulds** (ideally with removeable base to increase airflow). I have modular silicon walls with metal wire inside them that allow me to cast and then turn the moulds on their side for more airflow and drying from top and bottom. I use a silicon or acrylic sheet with these mould walls. +1. **Spoon** + + +## Yield before processing/drying/curing + +Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) + +## Method + +1. **Preparation** + + - Weigh your ingredients + - Prepare the mold and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. + +1. **Mixing and dissolving the ingredients** + - bring the water to the boil + - optional: add natural dye if you wish to use color + - add the glycerine + - add the gelatine + - keep the temperature below 80 degrees celcius while stirring *very very slowly and gently* to avoid making bubbles. I prefer a simple spoon to do this, not a whisk. + +1. **Cooking the ingredients** + + - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for at least 20 minutes or up to an hour. Turn it lower when bubbles appear: you don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. This sample has some bubbles due to vigorous mixing. + - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker liquid. To cast larger volumes and solids with this recipe, evaporate a lot of water, until it's very thick. + +1. **Casting** + + - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid and pourable. + - Cast into the mould slowly to avoid bubbles + - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. + - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. + - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. + - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. + + +### Drying/curing/growth process + +- Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) +- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % +- Shrinkage width/length: 20-30 % + +**Shrinkage and deformation control** + +Letting it dry up to ten days to get to the final form. It will be flexible at first but will slowly harden until its totally rigid. + +**Curing agents and release agents** + +None. + +**Minimum wait time before releasing from mold** + +Using a silicon mold: 7 days (or until it comes undone) + +**Post-processing** + +Store in a dry and ventilated room. + +**Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** + +Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be challenging. Fillers like debris or egg shells can help. More research can be done on ideal conditions for drying larger volumes. + +The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. + + +### Process + +*Evaporating water until the liquid is thick like honey, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Preparing molds for small half domes (egg cups), and a big slab (silicon mould and separate base), Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Casting the resin (I had to put a weight on top to press the mold into the base and prevent leakage, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* + + +## Variations on this recipe + +- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) +- Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil +- **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. +- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. + +### Cultural origins of this recipe + +Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. + +**Needs further research?** Not sure + +### References this recipe draws from + +- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) + +### Known concerns and contestations\* + +Needs further research + +Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. + +Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. + +Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. + +### Sustainability tags + +- Renewable ingredients: yes +- Vegan: no +- Made of by-products or waste: no +- Biocompostable final product: yes +- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting + +Needs further research?: not sure + +Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. + +## Material properties + +### Comparative qualities +This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. + +### Technical and sensory properties + +- **Strength**: strong +- **Hardness**: rigid +- **Transparency**: transparent +- **Glossiness**: matt +- **Weight**: heavy +- **Structure**: closed +- **Texture**: medium +- **Temperature**: medium +- **Shape memory**: high +- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production +- **Stickiness**: low +- **Weather resistance:** low +- **Acoustic properties:** needs further research +- **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research +- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research +- **Electrical properties:** needs further research +- **Heat resistance:** low +- **Water resistance:** water resistant +- **Chemical resistance:** needs further research +- **Scratch resistance:** moderate +- **Surface friction:** medium +- **Color modifiers:** none + + +## About this entry + +### Maker(s) of this sample + +- Name: Loes Bogers +- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam +- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands +- Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 + +### Environmental conditions + +- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius +- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius +- PH tap water: 7-8 + +### Recipe validation + +Has recipe been validated? Yes + +By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 + +### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency + +2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml + +### Local supplier/sourcing info + +Gelatin powder - Jacob Hooy (online retailers) +Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) +Molds - Houseware stores, thrift shops + +## Copyright information + +### This recipe is in the public domain (CC0) + +Yes + +### This recipe was previously published by someone else + +Yes, in: **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). + +##References + +- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). +- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). + +## Images of final product + +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* + + diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md b/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..126a981c074f67a166c0e5fdd2c4ffe835d0d619 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/files/recipes/biosilicon.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# BIORESIN + +### Tactility & sound impression + +<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a5gBPlJNHfk" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> + +### Description + +A (naturally) amber-coloured hard bioresin, gelatin-based. + +### Physical form + +Solids + +Color without additives: transparent, yellow/orange/amber colored. + +### Fabrication time + +Preparation time: 1 Hour + +Processing time: 5-10 days + +Need attention: None, just leave it to dry as long as is feasible with lots of airflow. + +Final form achieved after: 10 days + +## Ingredients + +* **Gelatine powder - 96 gr** + * Functions as the polymeer (so it becomes a solid) +* **Glycerine - 16 gr** + * Functions as plasticizer that bonds with the gelatine (makes it flexible). This recipe has a bit more glycerine to make the foil less rigid. It doesn't have the "crackling" sound as a result. +* **Water - 480 ml/gr** + * To dissolve and mix the polymeer and plasticizer + +## Tools + +1. **Cooker or stove** (optional: temperature controlled) +1. **Pot** +1. **Scale** +1. **Moulds** (ideally with removeable base to increase airflow). I have modular silicon walls with metal wire inside them that allow me to cast and then turn the moulds on their side for more airflow and drying from top and bottom. I use a silicon or acrylic sheet with these mould walls. +1. **Spoon** + + +## Yield before processing/drying/curing + +Approx. 300 ml (make sure to evaporate a lot of water during cooking time) + +## Method + +1. **Preparation** + + - Weigh your ingredients + - Prepare the mold and find a place where you can leave it for a while, ideally near an open window where there's air flow. + +1. **Mixing and dissolving the ingredients** + - bring the water to the boil + - optional: add natural dye if you wish to use color + - add the glycerine + - add the gelatine + - keep the temperature below 80 degrees celcius while stirring *very very slowly and gently* to avoid making bubbles. I prefer a simple spoon to do this, not a whisk. + +1. **Cooking the ingredients** + + - Simmer and slowly stir the mixture between 60-80 degrees celcius for at least 20 minutes or up to an hour. Turn it lower when bubbles appear: you don't want the liquid to move, don't boil it. This sample has some bubbles due to vigorous mixing. + - Longer cooking time allows more water to evaporate. You will get a thicker liquid. To cast larger volumes and solids with this recipe, evaporate a lot of water, until it's very thick. + +1. **Casting** + + - Let the liquid cool for a couple minutes until it gels a little but is still liquid and pourable. + - Cast into the mould slowly to avoid bubbles + - Pour from the middle and hold still, let the liquid distribute itself. + - Put the mould away to dry in a cool place with lots of air flow (like near an open window). A warmer place might speed up the drying process but also allow bacteria to grow faster and can result in fungal growth. + - If the mould has a removable base, remove it after 4-8 hours and put the mould on its side to allow air flow from both sides. + - When using a flexible mould: let it dry without releasing to keep the form as much as possible. The resin will likely shrink and release itself from the mold. If it feels cold to the touch it is still drying. If you are using a rigid mold: release after 4-8 hours and dry flat. + + +### Drying/curing/growth process + +- Mold depth: 7 cm (filled up until 2.5cm high) +- Shrinkage thickness: 20-30 % +- Shrinkage width/length: 20-30 % + +**Shrinkage and deformation control** + +Letting it dry up to ten days to get to the final form. It will be flexible at first but will slowly harden until its totally rigid. + +**Curing agents and release agents** + +None. + +**Minimum wait time before releasing from mold** + +Using a silicon mold: 7 days (or until it comes undone) + +**Post-processing** + +Store in a dry and ventilated room. + +**Further research needed on drying/curing/growth?** + +Casting larger volumes without growing fungus/mold, and limited warping can be challenging. Fillers like debris or egg shells can help. More research can be done on ideal conditions for drying larger volumes. + +The resin does not cure evenly across the surface, some might be negotiated by shaving off some slides while it is still relatively soft and flexible. + + +### Process + +*Evaporating water until the liquid is thick like honey, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Preparing molds for small half domes (egg cups), and a big slab (silicon mould and separate base), Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Casting the resin (I had to put a weight on top to press the mold into the base and prevent leakage, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Putting the mold on its side next to open window to allow further drying from top and bottom, Loes Bogers, 2020* + + +## Variations on this recipe + +- Add a **natural colorant** such as a vegetable dye or water-based ink (e.g. hibiscus, beetroot, madder) +- Add **less glycerine** for a more rigid foil +- **Stiffeners** such as fibres, yarn or natural debris may be added for more structure and reinforcement. +- **Fillers** such as almond or sunflower oil, can be added to prevent additional shrinkage but might affect stickyness. + +### Cultural origins of this recipe + +Bioplastic production is older than petrol based plastics. In 1500 BC, people in Egypt were already using glues based on gelatin, casein and albumin for furniture constructions. Gelatin casting as a technique has also been used in production of jelly-based foods such as aspic, jelly desserts and candy. + +**Needs further research?** Not sure + +### References this recipe draws from + +- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). +- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) + +### Known concerns and contestations\* + +Needs further research + +Gelatin is an animal-based ingredient. Some might find it problematic to use resources that requires killing an animal because of religious or animal welfare beliefs. Arguments are also made that as long as there's a meat industry, it is better to use product from the entire animal, including skin and bones. Some might consider gelatin to be a product that comes from a waste stream, but this is considered controversial by others. + +Acrylic (for the mold) is a petrol based plastic but results in very shiny foils and sheets and can be reused endlessly for casting high quality bioplastic sheets. + +Using renewable ingredients is not by definition petrol-free. Imagine they have to travel long distances by plane, boat or truck: it takes fuel. Also, the effects of GMO technologies and pesticides can be harmful to the environment and it's worth using knowing the source and production standards involved. If you can afford it, buying organic ingredients is a good starting point. + +### Sustainability tags + +- Renewable ingredients: yes +- Vegan: no +- Made of by-products or waste: no +- Biocompostable final product: yes +- Reuse: yes, by melting and recasting + +Needs further research?: not sure + +Gelatine-based bioplastics can be recasted by melting them in a pot with some water. Recycling them with PET plastics contaminates the waste stream. Compost bioplastics in a warm environment with sufficient airflow. + +## Material properties + +### Comparative qualities +This resin is dense and rather heavy, but not rock hard like synthetic epoxy or cold like glass. It keeps certain level of bounciness to it. + +### Technical and sensory properties + +- **Strength**: strong +- **Hardness**: rigid +- **Transparency**: transparent +- **Glossiness**: matt +- **Weight**: heavy +- **Structure**: closed +- **Texture**: medium +- **Temperature**: medium +- **Shape memory**: high +- **Odor**: moderate in final product, high during production +- **Stickiness**: low +- **Weather resistance:** low +- **Acoustic properties:** needs further research +- **Anti-bacterial:** needs further research +- **Non-allergenic:** needs further research +- **Electrical properties:** needs further research +- **Heat resistance:** low +- **Water resistance:** water resistant +- **Chemical resistance:** needs further research +- **Scratch resistance:** moderate +- **Surface friction:** medium +- **Color modifiers:** none + + +## About this entry + +### Maker(s) of this sample + +- Name: Loes Bogers +- Affiliation: Fabricademy student at Waag Textile Lab Amsterdam +- Location: Rotterdam, the Netherlands +- Date: 06-03-2020 – 16-03-2020 + +### Environmental conditions + +- Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius +- Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius +- PH tap water: 7-8 + +### Recipe validation + +Has recipe been validated? Yes + +By Cecilia Raspanti, Textile Lab, Waag Amsterdam, 9 March 2020 + +### Estimated cost (consumables) in local currency + +2,56 Euros for a yield of approx 300 ml + +### Local supplier/sourcing info + +Gelatin powder - Jacob Hooy (online retailers) +Glycerine 1.23 - Orphi/Chempropack (online retailers) +Molds - Houseware stores, thrift shops + +## Copyright information + +### This recipe is in the public domain (CC0) + +Yes + +### This recipe was previously published by someone else + +Yes, in: **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). + +##References + +- **The Secrets of Bioplastic** by Clara Davis (Fabtex, IAAC, Fab Lab Barcelona), 2017, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/the_secrets_of_bioplastic_). +- **The Bioplastics Cookbook: A Catalogue of Bioplastics Recipes** by Margaret Dunne for Fabtextiles, 2018, [link](https://issuu.com/nat_arc/docs/bioplastic_cook_book_3) +- **Bioresin (gelatin) Recipe** by Cecilia Raspanti (Textile Lab, Waag), Fabricademy Class "Biofabricating", 2019, [link](https://class.textile-academy.org/classes/week05A/). + +## Images of final product + +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Bioresin slab, Loes Bogers, 2020* + +*Bioresin slab and half dome, Loes Bogers, 2020* + + diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md index 4f1361f81ff284426dee6ff38cbbcbdbad544e83..673061a27a2da002e3d969ddca4a43f3b31b8cea 100644 --- a/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md +++ b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_TEMPLATE.md @@ -114,16 +114,6 @@ Yes/No/Not sure - [Free text] - [Free text] -## Cultural & ecological information - -### Where are the ingredients locally abundant? - -[Free text] - -**Needs further research?** Yes/No/Not sure - -[Notes] - ### Cultural origins of this recipe [Free text] @@ -150,8 +140,7 @@ Yes/No/Needs further research - Vegan: yes/no/needs further research - Made of by-products or waste: yes/no/needs further research - Biocompostable final product: yes/no/needs further research -- - Re-use: [free text] - +- Re-use: [free text] Needs further research?: Yes/No/Not sure @@ -203,7 +192,7 @@ Needs further research?: Yes/No/Not sure ### Environmental conditions -- Humidity: 75 – 85 % +- Humidity: not sure - Outside temp: 5-11 degrees Celcius - Room temp: 18 – 22 degrees Celcius - PH tap water: 7-8 diff --git a/docs/files/recipes/recipe_takeouts.md b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_takeouts.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3edad950b152306338ac15e385149e9c671762bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/files/recipes/recipe_takeouts.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Take outs from recipe + +##Put these in ingredient pages + +### Cultural & ecological information + +#### Where are the ingredients locally abundant? + +Gelatin is collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals (e.g. cattle, chicken, pigs, fish). It can be produced almost anywhere, so try finding a local supplier. In the Netherlands, Jacob Hooy sells gelatine made from cow's skin. + +Glycerin is a sugar alcohol derived from animal products, plants or petroleum. As such it can be produced almost anywhere. Try to find a vegetable-based glycerine that is produced locally. In the Netherlands, Orphi is an affordable vegetable-based glycerin brand. + +Water quality is not of the essence for this recipe. Most tap water will be fine. The PH level of the water might affect PH sensitive natural colorants (e.g. ink or dye extracted from red cabbage). + +**Needs further research?** Not sure \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-29.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-29.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5639f2258e745becff14673ccb66338e73e4080a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-29.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-30.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-30.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce306012a074c590dfb45d23d717d3e68a13b0f0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-30.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-37.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-37.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d30ae629820409e8eb549dbba7afbe1ee1681a1a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-37.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-67.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-67.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53738c521423eb3a02f84d55d4b6710625546089 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-67.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-68.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-68.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d582f54993f45719a7a7acb941ca78c31ef66c3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-68.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/finalpics-71.jpg b/docs/images/finalpics-71.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7841bbb7398142c216d929b4fee804e55397bdb5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/finalpics-71.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/resin5.jpg b/docs/images/resin5.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c80764c83d3d878120b902bb98fcddabe6327ece Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/resin5.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/resin5a.jpg b/docs/images/resin5a.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a42fd17b97020b74cd39dab2c4037a134cd962d1 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/resin5a.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/resin6.jpg b/docs/images/resin6.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20e0f22d8b6b7744301f3419696230f94b654fc3 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/resin6.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/images/resin8.jpg b/docs/images/resin8.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e903c665ffe36b978fbb1fef8775ed7d55eb7d26 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/images/resin8.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/projects/final-project.md b/docs/projects/final-project.md index 204268b5f9f3f6896101e9637ab58d49ea794a17..55e7ca085fe0c1d7c607aed51f38791157f25db2 100644 --- a/docs/projects/final-project.md +++ b/docs/projects/final-project.md @@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ Anyone dedicated to biofabricating materials and some experience in at least one | Nr | Title | Price | Form | Link | |-----|-----------------|---------|--------------------------|--------| -| 1 | Biofoam (sheet) | € 0,50 | Sheet, Solid | [Recipe](../files/recipes/biofoam.md) | -| 2 |Extra Flexible | € 0,00 | Foil | [Recipe](../files/recipes/biofoam.md) | -| 3 | Name | € 0,00 | Form | [Recipe](../files/recipes/FILENAME.md) | +| 1 | Biofoam | € 0,50 | Surface, Solid | [Recipe](../files/recipes/biofoam.md) | +| 2 |Extra Flexible Foil| € 0,78 | Surface | [Recipe](../files/recipes/biofoilextraflexible.md) | +| 3 | Bioresin | € 2,56 | Solid | [Recipe](../files/recipes/bioresin.md) | | 4 | Name | € 0,00 | Form | [Recipe](../files/recipes/FILENAME.md) | | 5 | Name | € 0,00 | Form | [Recipe](../files/recipes/FILENAME.md) | | 6 | Name | € 0,00 | Form | [Recipe](../files/recipes/FILENAME.md) |